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亚硝化反应是短程脱氮、自养型脱氮的重要氮转化过程之一。自养型脱氮工艺较传统工艺具有显著优势,可节约曝气能耗25%和碳源消耗100%[1-2]。近年来,以厌氧氨氧化工艺为核心的自养型脱氮工艺在低氨氮废水处理方面得到初步研究。实现稳定的亚硝化反应是限制自养型脱氮工艺在低氨氮废水处理中应用的重要因素之一。亚硝化反应首先将氨氮通过氨氧化细菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB)在好氧条件氧化为亚硝酸盐氮,为实现亚硝酸盐累积,需要抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite oxidizing bacteria, NOB),将亚硝酸盐氮进一步氧化为硝酸盐氮。
在低氨氮废水处理方面,尤其城镇生活污水,较难实现亚硝酸盐积累。这是由于较低的氨氮浓度难以形成游离氨或者游离亚硝酸盐等NOB抑制因子,并且在DO较低的条件下,NOB的抑制效果不稳定,同时也抑制了AOB的反应速率[3]。WANG等[4]的研究表明,DO为0.5 mg·L−1并控制SRT为8 d时,可促进亚硝酸盐累积。JARDIN等[5]的研究表明,采用间歇曝气调控,有利于亚硝化反应,这是由于AOB在缺氧-好氧交替环境可快速恢复活性,而NOB活性恢复较慢。
羟胺(NH2OH)和肼(N2H4)分别为氨氧化反应与厌氧氨氧化反应的中间产物[6]。投加NH2OH和N2H4有利于NOB的抑制和亚硝酸盐的累积[7-8],但由于其影响效果不一,缺乏NH2OH和N2H4促进亚硝化的对比研究,且影响机制尚不清晰。因此,本研究首先开展了NH2OH和N2H4对硝化反应影响的平行实验,对比分析了NH2OH和N2H4对氨氧化与亚硝酸盐氧化反应的影响;在此基础上,选择处理效果较好的NH2OH开展污泥驯化实验,明确了低氨氮废水亚硝化的快速启动方法及其潜在微生物学机制,为低氨氮废水亚硝化的快速启动提供参考。
Rapid start-up of nitritation process treating low-ammonia wastewater
- Received Date: 03/07/2019
- Available Online: 01/05/2020
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Key words:
- nitritation /
- low-ammonia wastewater /
- rapid start-up /
- microbial community structure /
- ammonia oxidizing bacteria /
- nitrite oxidizing bacteria
Abstract: In this study, the rapid start-up of nitritation process was studied for low-ammonia wastewater treatment. The comparative experiments were conducted to study the effect of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) addition on the processes of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation. NH2OH addition showed better performances on the nitritation of low-ammonia wastewater. On this basis, 2 mg·L−1 NH2OH dosing in the sequencing batch tests was adopted for the rapid start-up of nitritation process treating low-ammonia wastewater. After 9 days treatment, nitrite accumulation rate reached 100% and the abundance ratio of AOB/NOB increased to 25, which promoted nitritation process start-up. This study provides techniques for rapid startup of nitritation process treating low-ammonia wastewater.