摘要:
本文选择了紫背浮萍、四尾栅藻、蚤状溞和稀有鮈鲫4种本土水生生物,开展了阳离子表面活性剂、织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂4种全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品的安全性评估,为筛选理想PFOS化学替代品提供科学依据。急性毒性结果发现阳离子表面活性剂对4种水生生物均未显示出急性毒性;织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂对蚤状溞的LC50值分别为17.97、64.61和85.58 mg·L-1,显示出低的急性毒性。另外,织物三防整理剂对四尾栅藻的半数抑制浓度(EC50)值为88.32 mg·L-1,而对稀有鮈鲫半致死浓度(LC50)值为14.79 mg·L-1,均存在急性毒性。短期生长抑制试验结果发现阳离子表面活性剂、织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂对稀有鮈鲫生长抑制最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)值分别为20、1.5、100和50 mg·L-1,表明4种PFOS替代品均显示低慢性毒性。急慢性综合分析可知C4和C6三防整理剂相对较安全,可能成为理想的PFOS替代品。
Abstract:
To provide a scientific basis for selecting safe and efficient substitutes, ecotoxieity of four PFOS al-ternatives (surfactant, textile finishing agent, C4 finishing agent and C6 finishing agent) to four native aquatic organisms (Soirodela potvrhiza, Scenedesmus quadricanda, Daphnia pulex and Gobiocypris rarus) was assessed. The results showed that surfactant had no acute toxic to these four native aquatic organisms. LC50 of textile finishing agent, C4 finishing agent and C6 finishing agent on Daphnia pulex in acute toxicity test were 17.97, 64.61 and 85.58 mg·L-1, respectively. EC50 of textile finishing agent on Daphnia pulex was 88.32 mg·L-1, whereas LC50 on Gobiocypris rarus was 14.79 mg·L-1. In short-term growth inhibition test, LOEC of surfactant,textile finishing agent, C4 finishing agent and C6 finishing agent on Gobiocypris rarus were 20, 1.5,100 and 50 mg·L-1, respectively. These results indicated that the four alternatives have low chronic toxicity to Gobiocypris rauss. Above all, C4 and C6 finishing agent could be able to serve as potential PFOS alternatives.
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