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多环芳烃是由2个或2个以上的苯环排列而成的多环化合物,不含杂质原子或者取代基[1]。这类化合物不易被生物降解,具有致癌、致畸和致突变的特性,对生物体有着很强的毒性[2]。随着社会工业的不断发展,许多工业废水中都含有多环芳烃[3]。这些废水排放后,对河流、湖泊和海洋造成污染,进而污染整个生态环境[4]。菲是一种能对人体健康造成严重危害的多环芳烃化合物,已被许多国家和地区列为20多种优先预防和消除的多环芳烃污染物[5]。目前去除多环芳烃的技术有吸附、光催化降解、氧化技术和生物修复等[6-9],其中吸附法由于选择性强、绿色、操作简单等特点而备受青睐,而其他的方法存在去除成本高、去除率低、二次污染严重等缺点。因此,开发易于分离、回收、快速和高效的吸附剂具有重要意义。
DNA由碱基、脱氧核糖和磷酸组成,并通过碱基对互补的氢键连接形成双螺旋结构[10]。DNA双链的特殊结构使其能够与平面小分子物质结合,1961年,LERMAN发现吖啶通过疏水作用、范德华力等非共价作用嵌入到DNA双链的碱基对中[11]。相关研究表明,一些平面小分子如黄曲霉毒素类[12-13]和多环芳烃类[14-16]以嵌入的方式进入DNA双链的碱基对中。吕嘉楠等[17]发现菲借助范德华力和氢键嵌入到DNA双链的碱基对中,在体外以嵌入的方式与DNA相互作用形成DNA-菲复合物。但DNA是水溶性分子,菲与其结合后不易将复合物从水中分离。而磁性纳米材料表面可修饰,并且具有磁响应性和生物安全性,常被用于DNA的分离和纯化[18-19]。因此,基于DNA与菲之间存在的嵌入作用以及磁性纳米颗粒与DNA的结合作用,将DNA磁性纳米颗粒作为一种新的吸附剂去除污水中的菲。
本研究考察了时间、菲的初始质量浓度和温度等因素对DNA结合菲的影响,以及对DNA磁性纳米颗粒去除菲的影响。优化了吸附参数,并且通过吸附动力学、等温线和热力学模型进一步分析DNA磁性纳米颗粒对菲的吸附机理。
DNA磁性纳米颗粒对水中菲的吸附性能
Adsorption performance of DNA magnetic nanoparticles to phenanthrene in water
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摘要: 多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)作为一种致癌污染物,在水体中分布广泛且容易在生物体内富集,对人体健康有着严重的威胁。本研究将DNA与磁性纳米颗粒结合作为吸附剂,利用DNA与多环芳烃化合物的嵌入结合原理去除水体中的菲,分别考察了时间、菲的初始质量浓度、温度等因素对DNA结合菲的影响,以及对DNA磁性纳米颗粒去除菲的影响。结果表明:在35 ℃、pH=7.4、时间为50 min的条件下,在DNA的质量浓度为0.1 mg∙mL−1、菲的初始质量浓度分别为150、200、250 μg∙L−1时,结合率分别为95.47%、93.46%、91.14%。在相同条件下,DNA磁性纳米颗粒用量为1 mg、菲的初始质量浓度分别为100、150、200、250 μg∙L−1时,去除率分别为96.47%、95.61%、93.46%、88.03%,吸附量分别为96、143、187、220 μg∙g−1。DNA磁性纳米颗粒对菲的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,热力学参数表明吸附过程是自发和吸热的。DNA磁性纳米颗粒作为吸附剂可用于去除污水中的菲,以上研究结果可为基于PAHs-DNA嵌入结合作用处理污水中的菲提供参考。Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) are carcinogenic pollutants that are widely distributed in water bodies and easily enriched in living organisms, which are detrimental to human health. In the present study, DNA combined with magnetic nanoparticles was used as an adsorbent to remove phenanthrene from wastewater on the basis the principle of embedded binding of DNA with polycyclic aromatic compounds. The effects of time, initial mass concentration of phenanthrene, and temperature on the DNA-bound phenanthrene and phenanthrene removal by DNA magnetic nanoparticles were investigated. The results demonstrated that under the conditions of 35 ℃, pH=7.4, and 50 min, 0.1 mg∙mL−1 of DNA could lead to the binding rates of 95.47%, 93.46%, and 91.14% for phenanthrene with the initial mass concentrations of 150, 200, and 250 μg∙L−1, respectively. Under the same conditions, 1 mg of DNA magnetic nanoparticles could result in the removal rates of 96.47%, 95.61%, 93.46%, 88.03% and the adsorption amounts of 96, 143, 187, 220 μg∙g−1 for phenanthrene with the initial mass concentrations of 100, 150, 200, and 250 μg∙L−1, respectively. The adsorption of phenanthrene by DNA magnetic nanoparticles accorded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous and endothermic one. DNA magnetic nanoparticles as an adsorbent can be used to remove phenanthrene from wastewater. This study can provide a reference for the treatment of phenanthrene in wastewater based on PAHs-DNA embedded binding interaction.
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Key words:
- PAHs /
- phenanthrene /
- DNA magnetic nanoparticles /
- adsorption performance
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表 1 环境共存物质的质量浓度
Table 1. Mass concentration of environmentally coexisting substances
共存物质 质量浓度/
(mg·mL−1)去除率/% 无 ― 93.46 NaCl 1.17 93.03 CaCl2 2.22 92.84 MgSO4 2.34 93.22 KCl 1.49 93.50 葡萄糖 1.64 92.63 尿素 1.53 93.29 SDS 1.45 81.68 CTAB 1.64 62.85 L-天冬氨酸 0.67 93.89 L-亮氨酸 0.67 92.73 甘氨酸 0.67 93.29 表 2 现有已报道的吸附剂对菲的吸附性能比较
Table 2. Adsorption capacities of phenanthrene on previously reported adsorbents
表 3 吸附动力学模型参数
Table 3. Adsorption kinetic model parameters
菲质量浓度/
(μg·L−1)q实 /(mg·g−1) 准一级动力学 准二级动力学 K1/min−1 qe /(mg·g−1) R2 K2/(g·(mg·min)−1) qe /(mg·g−1) R2 100 0.098 0.076 0.017 0.914 0 9.759 0.098 0.999 9 150 0.146 0.043 0.019 0.869 0 5.187 0.146 0.999 9 200 0.194 0.061 0.056 0.952 8 2.228 0.194 0.999 6 表 4 粒子内扩散模型参数
Table 4. Intraparticle diffusion model parameters
菲质量浓度/
(μg·L−1)ki/
(mg·(g·min0.5)−1)C R2 100 0.001 0.088 0.819 6 150 0.002 0.127 0.836 4 200 0.004 0.155 0.898 3 表 5 吸附等温线模型参数
Table 5. Adsorption isotherm model parameters
温度/ ℃ q实 /(mg·g−1) Langmuir模型 Freundlich模型 KL/(L·mg−1) qm/(mg·g−1) R2 n KF R2 15 0.197 149.6 0.213 0.997 4 3.77 0.41 0.815 6 25 0.207 227.5 0.218 0.997 4 4.08 0.42 0.717 9 35 0.219 282.3 0.231 0.997 6 3.94 0.48 0.746 4 表 6 Dubinin-Radushkevich模型参数
Table 6. Dubinin-Radushkevich model parameters
温度/
℃Kad/
(mol2·kJ−2)qs/
(mg·g−1)R2 E/
(kJ·mol−1)15 4.65ⅹ10−8 0.464 0.995 9 3.28 25 4.43ⅹ10−8 0.477 0.996 3 3.26 35 4.23ⅹ10−8 0.489 0.994 8 3.44 表 7 在35 ℃下的吸附热力学参数
Table 7. Thermodynamic parameters at 35 °C
菲质量浓度/
(μg·L−1)ΔG/
(kJ·mol−1)ΔH/
(kJ·mol−1)ΔS/
(J·(mol·K)−1)100 −8.48 24.22 105.87 150 −7.89 22.16 97.74 200 −6.82 33.96 132.95 250 −5.11 23.18 91.25 -
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