-
烷基酚类化合物(alkylphenols, APs)是典型的内分泌干扰物,具有环境雌激素活性. 壬基酚、辛基酚等可通过食物链进入人体,具有致癌和破坏生殖系统等严重毒性,已被联合国环境规划署列入持久性有毒污染物清单[1]. 而作为环氧树脂等工业原料起始物的双酚A(BPA)也可与细胞内雌激素受体结合,干扰生物体内分泌系统,诱发动物性别紊乱或生殖系统障碍[2 − 3].
由于工业上的普遍应用,烷基酚和双酚A等已在环境中广泛分布,且不同环境介质中污染物含量存在较大差异,因此检测方法很难统一[4]. 目前常用的前处理方法包括加速溶剂萃取、QuEChERS、液液萃取等[5 − 7]. 常用的检测方法有液相色谱法[8 − 9]、液相色谱串联质谱法[10 − 11]、气相色谱质谱法[12 − 14]等. 但这些方法主要针对水质、饮料、鱼类、谷物、尿液等介质中APs、BPA的测定. 此外,D7065[15]、D7574[16] 、HJ1192-2021[17]等环境标准仅针对水样中壬基酚、双酚A、对叔辛基苯酚等目标物进行测定,研究对象相对单一.
环境中沉积物样品基质更复杂,内分泌干扰物含量更低,样品前处理和检测方法建立更为困难. 目前针对沉积物中同时测定APs和BPA的相关研究相对较少[18 − 20],标准检测方法仍未建立. 因此,有必要建立高效、快速、准确的测定方法,为沉积物中APs和BPA的赋存状况和潜在风险提供数据支撑. 本文以沉积物中APs和BPA为研究对象,通过优化目标物提取、净化等条件,建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化结合气相色谱质谱法测定沉积物中APs和BPA的检测方法,进一步评估该方法的检出限、精密度和回收率等方法学参数,应用于天津某河流沉积物中APs和BPA的测定.
气相色谱-质谱法测定沉积物中的烷基酚和双酚A
Determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in sediment by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
-
摘要: 本文以内分泌干扰物烷基酚和双酚A为研究对象,使用加速溶剂萃取-硅胶柱净化-气相色谱质谱联用仪,建立了同时测定沉积物中8种痕量APs和BPA的检测方法. 沉积物样品经冷冻干燥后,用丙酮-二氯甲烷(V/V=1/2)为萃取溶剂,在100℃下进行加速溶剂萃取. 萃取液浓缩后使用硅胶柱净化,经气相色谱分离、质谱检测,根据保留时间、质谱碎片及其丰度定性,内标法定量. 结果显示,待测物在10—2000 μg·L−1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0. 9994,检出限在0. 6—1.9 μg·kg−1之间. 目标物在200、500 μg·L−1标准溶液中相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.9%—5.4%,加标样品回收率为85.7% — 99.5%. 用本方法检测天津某河流的沉积物样品,4-丁基苯酚、4-叔辛基苯酚、4-壬基酚、双酚A被检出,实际样品中APs和BPA的加标回收率为84.5%—97.4%. 实验表明,使用该方法检测沉积物中的APs和BPA,操作简便,灵敏度高,准确性和重现性良好,可满足沉积物中痕量APs和BPA的检测需要.Abstract: A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 8 trace APs and BPA in sediments by accelerated solvent extraction, silica gel column purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After freeze-drying, the samples were extracted with acetone-dichloromethane (V/V=1/2) as the extraction solvent under 100℃. The extracts were purified by silica gel column, separated by gas chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry, qualitatively determined according to retention time, mass spectrum and abundance of fragments, and quantified by internal standard methods. The results showed that the target compounds showed a good linear relationship in the range of 10—2000 μg·L−1, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9994, and the limits of detections (LODs) were between 0.6 and 1.9 μg·kg−1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=7) of the compounds in 200 μg·L−1 and 500 μg·L−1 standard solutions were in the range of 1.9% —5.4%, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 85.7%—99.5%. And the method was applied to the detection of sediment samples from a river in Tianjin. And 4-butylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected. In addition, the spiked recoveries of APs and BPA in the actual samples were in the range of in the range of 84.5%—97.4%. The results show that this method was simple, high in sensitivity and recoveries, good in accuracy and reproducible, and could meet the requirements of trace APs and BPA detection in sediment samples.
-
Key words:
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry /
- alkylphenols /
- bisphenol a /
- sediment.
-
表 1 烷基酚和双酚A的色谱条件
Table 1. Gas chromatography conditions for alkylphenols and bisphenol A
序号 目标物
AnalyteCAS号
CAS Number保留时间/min
Retention time定量离子(m/z)
Quantitative ion定性离子(m/z)
Qualitative ion1 4-叔丁基苯酚 98-54-4 4.78 135 107, 150 2 2,5-二溴甲苯(内标) 615-59-8 4.98 250 169 3 4-丁基苯酚 1638-22-8 5.23 107 150, 77 4 4-戊基苯酚 14938-35-3 6.06 107 164, 77 5 4-己基苯酚 2446-69-7 7.06 107 178, 108 6 4-叔辛基苯酚 140-66-9 7.75 135 107, 136 7 4-庚基苯酚 1987-50-4 8.13 107 192, 108 8 4-正辛基苯酚 1806-26-4 9.26 107 206, 108 9 4-壬基酚 104-40-5 10.37 107 220, 108 10 双酚A 80-05-7 13.34 213 228, 214 11 2,2',5,5'-四溴甲苯(内标) 59080-37-4 14.42 150 470 表 2 APs和BPA的线性方程、相关系数和检出限
Table 2. Linear equations, correlation coefficients and LOD of APs and BPA
目标物
Analyte线性方程
Linear equations相关系数
Correlation coefficient检出限/(μg·kg−1)
LOD4-叔丁基苯酚 y = 2.367546 x+ 0.072127 0.9995 0.8 4-丁基苯酚 y = 3.369165 x+0.127832 0.9996 0.7 4-戊基苯酚 y = 3.098017 x+ 0.081144 0.9998 0.6 4-己基苯酚 y = 2.890772 x+0.114997 0.9997 0.8 4-叔辛基苯酚 y = 2.434008 x+0.035877 0.9998 1.0 4-庚基苯酚 y = 2.640321 x+ 0.116284 0.9997 0.7 4-正辛基苯酚 y = 2.471447 x+ 0.108059 0.9996 0.8 4-壬基酚 y = 1.656250 x+ 0.066811 0.9996 1.9 BPA y = 0.840793 x+ 0.078697 0.9994 1.4 -
[1] GRZEŚKOWIAK T,CZARCZYŃSKA-GOŚLIŃSKA B,ZGOŁA-GRZEŚKOWIAK A. Current approaches in sample preparation for trace analysis of selected endocrine-disrupting compounds: Focus on polychlorinated biphenyls, alkylphenols, and parabens[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 75: 209-226. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.005 [2] PAN Z W, TANG C Y, CAO Y J, et al. Distribution and source apportionment of phenolic EDCs in rivers in the Pearl River Delta, South China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2023, 30(16): 48248-48259. [3] 洪亚军, 冯承莲, 徐大勇, 等. 壬基酚的环境生物地球化学研究进展及对新污染物管理的建议[J]. 环境科学, 2023, 44(8): 4717-4727. HONG Y J,FENG C L,XU D Y,et al. Comprehensive review on environmental biogeochemistry of nonylphenol and suggestions for the management of emerging contaminants[J]. Environmental Science, 2023, 44(8): 4717-4727(in Chinese).
[4] SALGUEIRO-GONZÁLEZ N, CASTIGLIONI S, ZUCCATO E, et al. Recent advances in analytical methods for the determination of 4-alkylphenols and bisphenol A in solid environmental matrices: A critical review [J].Analytica Chimica Acta, 2018, 1024: 39-51. [5] LEE K M, HAN S M, LEE H J, et al. Influence of mobile phase composition on the analytical sensitivity of LC-ESI-MS/MS for the concurrent analysis of bisphenols, parabens, chlorophenols, benzophenones, and alkylphenols [J]. Environmental Research, 2023, 221: 115305. [6] BOZYIĞIT G D,AYYıLDıZ M F, CHORMEY D S, et al, Removal of selected pesticides, alkylphenols, hormones and bisphenol A from domestic wastewater by electrooxidation process [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2022, 85(1): 220-228. [7] SALGUEIRO-GONZÁLEZ N,MUNIATEGUI-LORENZO S,LÓPEZ-MAHÍA P, et al. Trends in analytical methodologies for the determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in water samples [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2017, 962: 1-14. [8] 郭文建, 王超, 吕怡兵, 等. 固相萃取-液相色谱/荧光检测法同时测定水中8种烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(3): 497-504. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017071301 GUO W J,WANG C,LYU Y B,et al. Simultaneous determination of eight alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in water by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(3): 497-504(in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017071301
[9] 朱佩玉, 陈海秀, 高晨. 超声辅助提取-固相萃取净化-高效液相色谱法测定灰渣和污泥中11种双酚类及烷基酚类化合物[J]. 化学分析计量, 2022, 31(3): 41-47. ZHU P Y,CHEN H X,GAO C . Determination of 11 bisphenols and alkylphenols in ash and sludge by high performance liquid chromatography with ultrasonic assisted extraction and solid phase extraction purification[J]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage, 2022, 31(3): 41-47(in Chinese).
[10] 杨丽萍, 王强, 祝凌燕. 高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定鱼体内双酚A及其替代品[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(8): 1842-1850. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018031602 YANG L P,WANG Q,ZHU L Y. Simultaneous determination of Bisphenol A and its alternatives in fish samples by ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(8): 1842-1850(in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018031602
[11] 罗洲飞, 徐梦薇, 陆静, 等. 高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定环境水样中20种环境内分泌干扰物[J]. 环境化学, 2020, 39(7): 1923-1933. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019050706 LUO Z F,XU M W,LU J, et al. Determination of 20 endocrine-disrupting compounds in environmental water samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(7): 1923-1933(in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2019050706
[12] 李杨, 张书芬, 邢家溧, 等. 固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测水中18种酚类化合物[J]. 色谱, 2020, 38(8): 953-960. LI Y,ZHANG S F,XING J L,et al. Determination of 18 phenolic compounds in water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2020, 38(8): 953-960(in Chinese).
[13] AZZOUZ A, COLON LP, HEJJI L, et al. Determination of alkylphenols, phenylphenols, bisphenol A, parabens, organophosphorus pesticides and triclosan in different cereal-based foodstuffs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2020, 412: 2621-2631. doi: 10.1007/s00216-020-02491-1 [14] 周同娜,尹海亮. 固相萃取-衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定环境水中双酚A和9种烷基酚类化合物的含量[J]. 理化检验-化学分册, 2022, 58(10): 1182-1188. ZHOU T N, YIN H L. Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and 9 alkylphenols in environmental water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid phase extraction and derivatization[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Part B: Chemical Analysisstry, 2022, 58(10): 1182-1188(in Chinese).
[15] D7065-2017 A. Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, p-tertOctylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: [S]. 2017 [16] D7574-2023 A. Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: [S]. 2023. [17] HJ1192-2021. 水质 9种烷基酚类化合物和双酚A的测定固相萃取/高效液相色谱法: 生态环境部: [S]. 2021: [18] 吴唯, 史江红, 陈庆彩, 等. 沉积物中雌激素及壬基酚、辛基酚、双酚 A 的测定[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(2): 724-731. [19] 邵亮, 边海燕, 李正炎. 夏季渤海表层沉积物中壬基酚和双酚A的分布特征与潜在生态风险[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2011, 30(2): 158-161. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2011.02.002 SHAO L,BIAN H Y,LI Z Y. Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of nonylphenol and bisphenola in surface sediment of Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2011, 30(2): 158-161(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6336.2011.02.002
[20] 王秋旭, 冯启言, 朱雪强. 加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定沉积物中双酚类化合物[J]. 色谱, 2023, 41(7): 582-590. WANG Q X,FENG Q Y,ZHU X Q. Determination of bisphenols in sediment by accelerated solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction purification coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2023, 41(7): 582-590(in Chiese).