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我国在碳达峰碳中和气候承诺及深入打好污染防治攻坚战的双重战略目标下,正以减污降碳协同增效为总抓手,推进清洁生产和能源资源节约高效利用,促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型。工业园区作为工业产业集约集聚的重要载体,具有资源和能源消耗量大、污染物和温室气体排放集中等特点,是开展减污降碳协同增效的重要领域之一。《中国开发区审核公告目录(2018年版)》和中国开发区网最新统计数据显示,截至2023年5月,全国省级和国家级开发区已达到2809家,具有较强的规模效应和示范引领优势。随着水、气、土等污染防治行动计划的深入实施,以及生态示范工业园区、循环化改造示范园区的推广,工业园区在污染物减排和绿色低碳发展方面积累了丰富的经验做法。在此基础上,《减污降碳协同增效实施方案》(环综合〔2022〕42号)进一步鼓励各类产业园区积极协同推进减污降碳,在空间布局优化、新能源推广使用、水资源节约集约高效循环利用、废物综合利用、绿色基础设施等方面提质增效。
减污降碳协同路径方面,除持续科技创新和产业优化升级等技术型路径外,“基于自然的解决方案”(nature-based solutions, NbS)越来越受到学术界、商业界和决策者的关注[1]。NbS通过挖掘和释放自然生态系统的多重服务功能,从而协同应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失、环境污染、水资源和粮食危机等各类挑战。相较于技术型路径,NbS具有成本优势,且为人类福祉和自然带来多重益处。作为NbS的倡导者和先行者,欧盟于2015年发布《基于自然的解决方案和自然化城市》(Nature-Based Solutions and Re-Naturing Cities)报告[2],并推动NbS写入世界自然保护大会(WCC)、联合国环境大会(UNEA)、联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)、生物多样性公约(CBD)等国际公约和进程的决定和决议[3],促使NbS成为协同应对多重挑战的主流工具。
尽管国际上NbS已成为解决工业园区生态环境问题的主流手段之一,但在我国工业园区尚未得到普及。“双碳”目标下,NbS路径的经济可行性、可持续性和减污降碳成效等尚缺乏有效评估,NbS在区域和全国范围内的示范和应用尚有待规范。对此,本研究回顾了NbS在国内外工业园区中的应用情况,并通过典型案例分析,为我国工业园区基于自然的协同减污降碳提出建议。
基于自然的解决方案促进工业园区减污降碳协同增效
——以温岭市东部产业集聚区为例Nature-based solutions to promote synergies in the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in industrial parks
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摘要: 工业园区是产业集聚、资源节约集约的重要载体,是开展减污降碳协同增效的重要领域之一。我国工业园区发展过程中较为注重技术创新对减污降碳的贡献,但对基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)普遍认识不足,尚不能充分发挥自然生态系统的净化环境和固碳功能。文章选取浙江省温岭市东部产业集聚区为案例,评估了NbS在水环境治理、温室气体减排、生态保护、经济效益等方面取得的成效,进而对我国工业园区协同推进减污降碳提出:加强工业园区NbS路径设计和建设的政策引导和支持,开展工业园区NbS标准制定和成效评价工作和开展工业园区NbS试点建设3方面建议。Abstract: Industrial parks are important carriers for industrial agglomeration and resource conservation, playing a crucial role in promoting synergies in the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. In the development of industrial parks in China, more attentions are paid to the technological innovation in the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, the understanding of nature-based solutions (Nature-based Solutions, NbS) is insufficient and natural ecosystems have not been fully employed in environmental purification and carbon sequestration. Zhejiang Wenling Eastern Industrial Agglomeration Area was selected as a case to evaluate the effects of NbS in water environment management, greenhouse gas emission reduction, ecological conservation and economic benefits. Based on the results, three recommendations were proposed to synergy the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in industrial parks: strengthening policy guidance and support for NbS pathway design and construction, establishing NbS standards and carrying out the effect evaluation in industrial parks, and conducting NbS pilot projects in industrial parks.
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