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大气污染的日益严重和全球变暖的加速到来[1],原因之一是在生活和生产中产生大量尾气、废气和烟气,这些气体含有含碳、氮、硫[2]等元素的化合物不断地污染环境. 目前已经有多种方法吸收这些污染物,但或多或少的存在着一些不足. 例如工业上被广泛应用于吸收二氧化硫的石灰石技术[3]会耗费大量的水资源并排放出二氧化碳,且这种工艺不可逆;通过离子液体吸收废气[4-5]的能力很强且没有副产物生成,但由于离子液体价格昂贵、黏度高、有毒性等因素制约了其发展[6].
低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvent, 简称DESs)是一类新型离子液体(ionic liquid,简称IL)类似物[7],其具有离子液体的许多特征和优良性质,同时相较于离子液体,DES合成过程简单、成本低并且无毒性、可生物降解[8],所以DES被视为离子液体的绿色替代溶剂并在溶解[9-10]、材料制备[11]、催化[12-13]以及电化学[14-16]等众多领域都有广泛的应用,目前在污染物气体吸收领域也展现出广阔的前景. DES的最大优点是可以通过简单地改变氢键供体与受体的种类而设计出成千上万种不同的DESs,且不同DESs吸收某种气体的能力各有高低,因此,寻找适用于能高效吸收不同气体的DES是一个重点也是一个难点. 如果通过在实验室开展有限次实验制备DESs再进行吸收不同气体的实验,会耗费大量的人力物力,而使用计算机进行分子模拟实验可以方便地建立各种DESs的模型,对DES的结构、性质以及和气体的相互作用进行模拟计算[17]. 目前国内外已经陆续有学者使用分子模拟技术来模拟DES对气体的吸收,这种方法有利于高效地选择DESs并预测实验结果,同时通过各种数据分析可以更加清晰地展示其中的作用机理. 本文对低共熔溶剂和分子模拟技术进行简要介绍,并对DES吸收有害气体的分子模拟研究进展进行综述,为人们设计不同的DES合成出更加高效的气体捕捉剂提供基本的理论指导.
低共熔溶剂吸收有害气体的分子模拟研究进展
Research progress in molecular simulation of deep eutectic solvents absorption of harmful gases
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摘要: 工业生产中的有害废气如二氧化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氢、氨气、二氧化氮和一氧化氮的排放量日益增加,导致了全球变暖、空气污染和酸雨等一系列问题,对生态环境造成了严重危害. 因此对这些有害气体进行低成本、高效和绿色可持续的捕获一直是人们关注的重点. 低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvent,简称DES)作为一种合成简单、成本低、安全无毒、溶解性强且可生物降解的绿色溶剂是这些有害气体的理想吸收剂. 但DESs种类繁多,为不同气体选择合适的吸收剂是一个难点,对有害气体的吸收过程进行计算机分子模拟可以更加深入地了解其中的作用机理并为人们合成更加高效的吸收剂提供理论指导. 本文对低共熔溶剂、分子模拟技术、常用模拟方法以及软件进行了简要介绍和总结,以不同低共熔溶剂吸收各种有害气体的研究出发,从几何构型与能量、分子间相互作用力以及吸收气体时的相互作用能等角度分析讨论了低共熔溶剂与气体之间的作用机理,为未来制备DESs吸收有害气体提供了一定参考依据.Abstract: The emissions of harmful waste gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide in industrial production are increasing day by day, which leads to a series of problems such as global warming, air pollution and acid rain. It has caused serious harm to the ecological environment. Therefore, the low-cost, efficient, green and sustainable capture of these harmful gases has always been the focus of attention. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES), as a green solvent with simple synthesis, low cost, safety, non-toxicity, strong solubility and biodegradability, is an ideal absorbent for harmful gases. However, there are many kinds of DESs, so it is difficult to choose suitable absorbents for different gases. Through the computer molecular simulation, we can understand the mechanism of harmful gases absorption and provide theoretical guidance for the synthesis of more efficient absorbent. In this paper, the properties of DESs, computer molecular simulation technology, common simulation methods and software are briefly introduced and summarized. Based on the study of absorbing all kinds of harmful gases by different DESs, the interaction mechanism between DESs and gases is analyzed and discussed from the perspectives of geometry configuration and energy, intermolecular interaction force and the interaction energy of gas absorption, which provides a certain reference for the preparation of DESs to absorb harmful gases in the future.
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Key words:
- deep eutectic solvents /
- harmful gases /
- molecular simulation.
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类型
Type通式
General formula实例
Terms类型Ⅰ Cat+X−zMClx M = Zn,Sn,Fe, Al,Ga,In 类型Ⅱ Cat+X−zMClx·yH2O M = Cr,Co,Cu,Ni,Fe 类型Ⅲ Cat+X−zRZ Z = CONH2, COOH, OH 类型Ⅳ MClx+ RZ = MClx−1+·RZ +MClx+1− M = Al, Zn Z=CONH2, COOH, OH 表 2 已报导的低共熔溶剂吸收有害气体的分子模拟研究
Table 2. Reported Molecular Simulation Study of Harmful Gas Absorption by Deep Eutectic Solvents
有害气体
Harmful gases低共熔溶剂
DESs软件
Software相互作用机制
Interaction mechanism参考文献
ReferenceSO2 氯化胆碱/丙三醇 LAMMPS SO2···氯离子 [69] SO2 氯化胆碱/乙二醇 Gaussian S(SO2)···氯离子 [72] SO2 氯化胆碱/丙三醇 Gaussian S(SO2)···氯离子 [72] SO2 氯化胆碱/丙二酸 Gaussian S(SO2)···氯离子 [72] SO2 氯化胆碱/尿素 Gaussian S(SO2)···O(尿素) [72] SO2 氯化胆碱/硫脲 Gaussian S(SO2)···S(硫脲) [72] SO2 氯化胆碱/丙三醇 Gaussian
GAMESSS(SO2)与氯离子、
电荷转移相互作用[68] CO2 氯化胆碱/丙二酸 Gaussian CO2···氯离子、CO2··· -COOH [77] CO2 氯化胆碱/丙三醇 Gaussian CO2···氯离子、CO2··· -OH [77] CO2 氯化胆碱/乙酰丙酸 Gaussian
MDynaMixC(CO2)··· -COOH(乙酰丙酸) [78] CO2 氯化胆碱/苯乙酸 Gaussian
MDynaMixC(CO2)···苯环(苯乙酸) 、(CO2)··· -OH
(氯化胆碱)[80] H2S 氯化胆碱/尿素 RASPA Gaussian H(H2S)···氯离子、H(H2S)···O(尿素) [75] NO 1,3-二甲基硫脲/四丁基氯化膦 Gaussian NO···1,3-二甲基硫脲化学反应 [85] NO 苯甲酸/氯化四丁基膦 Gaussian NO···苯甲酸化学反应 [86] NH3 硫氰酸铵/丙三醇 Materials studio NH3··· -OH(丙三醇) [87] NH3 氯化胆碱/木糖 Gaussian NH3···氯离子、NH3··· -OH(木糖) [88] CH4 氯化胆碱/乳酸 ORCA MDynaMix H(CH4) ···O(氯化胆碱) [90] CH4 甜菜碱/乳酸 ORCA MDynaMix C(CH4)··· -COOH(乳酸) [90] CH4 丙氨酸/乳酸 ORCA MDynaMix C(CH4)··· -OH(乳酸) [90] -
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