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一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的原理是利用AOB(aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,氨氧化细菌)将污水中部分
${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ 氧化成${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ ,AnAOB(anaerobic ammoniaoxidizing bacteria,厌氧氨氧化菌)把剩余的${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ 和${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ 转化成N2,利用AOB和AnAOB的协同作用,在同1个反应器内完成短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化[1-2]。与传统硝化-反硝化相比,一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺具有工艺流程短、能耗低、无需外加碳源、污泥产量少、占地面积小等优点。自2002年,荷兰Delft工业大学研发至今,该工艺一直是污水处理领域最具创新性的工艺之一[3-5]。一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺已应用于污泥消化、焦化废水、垃圾渗滤液、养殖废水、化工废水等低碳氮比废水的处理领域[6-10]。实现好氧的AOB和厌氧的AnAOB高效富集,同时抑制NOB (nitrite oxidation bacteria,亚硝酸盐氧化菌)的生长是一段式厌氧氨氧化工艺成功启动和稳定运行的关键[11-12]。然而,如何在保证AOB与AnAOB的活性的情况下有效地抑制和淘汰NOB仍是亟待解决的问题[13-14]。LACKNER等[15]发现,在长期运行过程中,anammox工程常出现NOB大量繁殖的现象,导致脱氮效果恶化,
${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N的浓度升高,甚至最终造成反应系统崩溃。DE CLIPPELEIR等[16]发现,供氧量的控制不当容易引起系统脱氮率下降,并引起NOB急速生长,导致系统崩溃。有研究[17-18]表明,在低溶解氧状态下,保持体系内溶解氧浓度在较低水平能够使AOB比NOB在生长上更占优势。但LIU等[19]发现,仅通过低浓度的溶解氧很难实现对NOB的长期抑制。MIAO等[20]在研究一段式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理中低浓度氨氮废水时发现,在低溶解氧条件仍会出现出水${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N浓度快速上升的现象。上述研究结果表明,仅靠低溶解氧并不能确保实现NOB活性的有效抑制,无法使反应系统内的AOB与AnAOB形成良好的协同作用,很难实现一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化的顺利启动与稳定运行。CALDERON等[21]发现,纯氧曝气较之空气曝气具有氧传递速率高、抗冲击负荷好等特点。江雪姣[22]发现,纯氧曝气有利于活性污泥的生长;由于纯氧曝气传氧速率高、微生物氧化速率高、曝气池占地面积小等优点,纯氧曝气活性污泥法成功用于城市和工业污水处理中,在提高污水排放水质、增加处理能力、降低能耗等方面效果极佳[23]。然而,对于不同曝气气源对一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的影响还鲜有研究。综上所述,本研究通过对曝气量的精确控制,探究了纯氧曝气与空气曝气对一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺启动过程的影响,考察了不同曝气方式对工艺脱氮性能、响应特征以及功能菌代谢活性等的作用效应和原理,以期为厌氧氨氧化工程的应用提供参考。
不同气源曝气对一段式厌氧氨氧化工艺启动与运行的影响
Effect of different gas source aeration on start-up and running of one-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation process
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摘要: 在(30±2) °C的条件下,通过精确控制供氧量,以氧气为气源培养E1反应器,以空气为气源培养E2反应器,探究了不同气源对一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺启动、负荷提升及稳定运行效果的影响。结果表明:以氧气为气源的E1反应系统一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化效果更佳,E1反应器中的
${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N去除率在95%以上,TN去除率在85%以上,实现负荷提升的时间在10 d左右;在实现一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化后,E1反应系统内ΔTN/Δ${{\rm{NH}}_4^ +} $ -N和Δ${{\rm{NO}}_3^ - }$ -N/Δ${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$ -N稳定在0.88和0.11;E1、E2反应器内的AOB活性由0.3 mg·(g·h)−1分别提升至6.3 mg·(g·h)−1和5.9 mg·(g·h)−1,AnAOB的活性由1.5 mg·(g·h)−1分别提高到9.5 mg·(g·h)−1和8.6 mg·(g·h)−1。通过不同气源对一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺启动与运行的作用效应对比,证明了以氧气为气源应用于一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的可行性与优势。以上研究结果可为其在厌氧氨氧化工程的应用提供参考。Abstract: Through precise control the oxygen supply amount at (30±2) °C, the E1 reactor with oxygen as the gas source and E2 reactor with air as the gas source were cultivated. These two sets of one-stage partial nitrification-anammox EGSB reactors were compared to explore the effects of different gas sources on the start-up, load increase and stable running of the one-stage partial nitrification-anammox process. The results showed that one-stage partial nitrification-anammox in E1 reaction system with oxygen as gas source performed better, the removal rates of${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N and TN in E1 reactor were over 95% and 85%, respectively. The time to achieve the load increase was about 10 days; After one-stage shortcut nitrification anammox, ΔTN/Δ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N and Δ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N/Δ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N were stable at 0.88 and 0.11 in E1 reaction system, respectively; the AOB activity in E1 and E2 reactors increased from 0.3 mg·(g·h)−1 to 6.3 mg·(g·h)−1 and 5.9 mg·(g·h)−1, respectively; the activity of AnAOB increased from 1.5 mg·(g·h)−1 to 9.5 mg·(g·h)−1and 8.6 mg·(g·h)−1, respectively. Through comparison of the effects of different gas sources on the start-up and running of one-stage partial nitrification-anaerobic process, the feasibility and advantages of the oxygen as gas source in one-stage partial nitrification-anaerobic system were proved. This result can provide references for its application in anaerobic ammonia oxidation.-
Key words:
- partial nitrification /
- anammox /
- AOB /
- NOB /
- pure oxygen
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表 1 各阶段运行参数
Table 1. Operating parameters of each stage
实验过程 阶段 时间/d 曝气量/(mL·min−1) -N/(mg·L−1)${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ NO2-N/(mg·L−1) HRT/h 回流比/% Anammox 驯化培养 Ⅰ 1~9 10(氧气)
50(空气)50 50 6 200 Anammox+AOB培养 Ⅱ 10~55 15(氧气)
70(空气)50 25 6 200 Ⅲ 56~76 25(氧气)
130(空气)80 25 6 200 一段式短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化 Ⅳ 77~116 35(氧气)
170(空气)80 0 6 200 Ⅴ 117~176 45(氧气)
230(空气)110 0 6 200 -
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