-
现代城市中由VOCs引发的污染问题已引起人们广泛关注,不仅会导致O3污染等问题,还对人体健康造成危害。目前,国内学者[1-3]针对O3污染来源、VOCs排放对O3的影响开展了大量研究,但不同城市大气中VOCs的排放来源差异较大,使得各种组分的浓度水平、化学反应活性差别非常大,因此找出城市的关键物种并归溯其来源,才能对症下药,精细化管控。为了解大连市VOCs浓度水平及各物种化学反应活性,找出导致我市夏季臭氧浓度高的活性组分,本研究对大连市区2019年5~8月份大气VOCs的组分及浓度进行了监测,并分析了VOCs月变化特征,对VOCs各物种的化学反应活性进行评估,最终利用PMF模型解析的方法推算出大连市夏季VOCs的污染排放来源及贡献率。
大连市城区夏季环境空气VOCs污染特征及来源分析
Analysis of the Characteristics and Sources of VOCs Pollution of Urban Area of Dalian in Summer
-
摘要: 利用Synspec GC955-611/811在线气相色谱仪对大连市城区2019年夏季(5~8月)大气中VOCs进行了连续监测,研究了VOCs组分浓度情况和月变化特征。结果表明,烷烃是城区大气中最丰富的VOCs物种,其他依次是芳香烃、炔烃和烯烃。5~7月大连市城区VOCs浓度整体保持稳定,8月份浓度明显升高。利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)计算了各类VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),各组分对臭氧生成潜势贡献排名分别为烷烃、芳香烃、烯烃和炔烃,分别占比45.8%、29.3%、19.8%和5.1%。关键VOCs活性物种甲苯、异戊烷和正丁烷分别占VOCs总体积浓度的5.6%、10.7%和13.0%。利用PMF受体模型对VOCs的来源进行解析研究,2019 年夏季大连市VOCs主要来源来自涂料/溶剂使用(45.1%)、机动车排放(24.0%)、油气挥发(16.1%)、液化石油气(10.7%)、天然源(4.0%)。Abstract: A Synspec GC955-611/811 online gas chromatograph was used to continuously monitor the VOCs in the atmosphere in Dalian during the summer of 2019 (May to August). The components of VOCs and its monthly variation characteristics were studied. The results showed that the alkane was the most abundant VOCs species in the urban atmosphere, followed by aromatic hydrocarbon, alkyne and alkene. VOCs concentration in the urban area of Dalian remained stable in May to July, while the concentration increased significantly in August. The ozone forming potential (OFP) of various VOCs was calculated by the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR). The contribution order of OFP was alkane, aromatic, alkene and alkyne in turn, with the percentage of 45.8%, 29.3%, 19.8% and 5.1%, respectively. Key VOCs active species toluene, isopentane and n-butane accounted for 5.6%, 10.7% and 13.0% of the total VOCs concentration, respectively. The PMF receptor model was used to analyze the sources of VOCs. In the summer of 2019, the main sources of VOCs in Dalian were paint/solvent (45.1%), motor vehicle emissions (24.0%), hydrocarbon volatilization (16.1%), liquefied petroleum gas (10.7%) and natural sources (4.0%).
-
Key words:
- VOCs /
- Pollution Characteristics /
- PMF Model /
- Dalian
-
[1] 张新民, 柴发合, 岳婷婷, 等. 天津武清大气挥发性有机物光化学污染特征及来源[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(10): 1085 − 1091. [2] 徐慧, 张晗, 邢振雨, 等. 厦门冬春季大气 VOCs 的污染特征及臭氧生成潜势[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(1): 11 − 17. [3] 罗达通, 高健, 王淑兰, 等. 上海秋季大气挥发性有机物特征及污染物来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(4): 987 − 994. [4] LI J, XIE S D, ZENG L M, et al. Characterization of ambient vol-atile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2015, 15(14): 7945 − 7959. [5] SALAMEH T, SAUVAGE S, AFIF C, et al. Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2015, 16(5): 3595 − 3607. [6] 张玉欣, 安俊琳, 王俊秀, 等. 南京工业区挥发性有机物来源解析及其对臭氧贡献评估[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(2): 502 − 510. [7] 高蒙, 安俊琳, 杭一纤, 等. PMF和PCA/APCS 模型对南京北郊大气VOCs 源解析对比研究[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2014, 30(1): 43 − 50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2014.01.007 [8] YUAN B, SHAO M, GOUW J A D, et al. Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012, 117(D24): 24302. [9] CARTER W P L. Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatileorganic compounds[J]. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 1994, 44(7): 881 − 899. [10] YUAN B, SHAO M, LU S H, et al. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010, 44(15): 1919 − 1926. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.014 [11] 区家敏, 冯小琼, 刘郁葱, 等. 珠江三角洲机动车挥发性有机物排放化学成分谱研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(4): 826 − 834. [12] 陆思华, 白郁华, 张广山, 等. 大气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的人为来源研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2006, 26(5): 757 − 763. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2006.05.010 [13] 王海林, 聂磊, 李靖, 等. 重点行业挥发性有机物排放特征与评估分析[J]. 科学通报, 2012, 57(19): 1739 − 1746.