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近年来,随着太湖水体富营养化的加剧,太湖蓝藻暴发呈逐年上升趋势。蓝藻不仅会造成水质恶化,破坏水体生态系统,而且多数蓝藻还会释放藻毒素,藻细胞死亡裂解后释放至水体中,威胁城市日常饮用水安全和公众健康[1]。目前,应急打捞是我国减除蓝藻水污染生态灾害和降低再次暴发强度的最直接的有效措施[2]。但打捞的大量蓝藻如不进行及时处理,则会在陆地上发生二次污染。因此,如何实现蓝藻泥的高效处理处置已成为目前亟待解决的环境问题。
蓝藻中富含蛋白质、碳水化合物以及少量的脂质[3],是理想的厌氧发酵的底物。通过将厌氧消化控制在产酸阶段,可以得到附加值较高的VFAs;并且还能使蓝藻减量,实现蓝藻资源化、减量化的目的。KIM等[4]以提取了脂质的微藻作为底物进行厌氧发酵产酸,产酸效率(1 g VS中VFAs的占比)为36%。SEO等[5]采用提取了脂质的微藻残留物作为底物进行发酵产酸,产酸量达到8.17 g·L−1,产酸效率(1 g COD中VFAs的占比)为40%。然而,目前利用蓝藻发酵生产VFAs的报道不多。
本研究考察了太湖蓝藻泥厌氧发酵产VFAs的效果,并采用热碱预处理对蓝藻进行破壁处理,研究了蓝藻水解及产酸效果,考察了发酵前后底物的降解情况,剖析了预处理前后及发酵后溶解性有机物(DOM)的成分变化,分析预测了工业规模下的蓝藻发酵产酸的经济可行性,为蓝藻厌氧发酵产酸的工业化推广提供了可靠的理论和数据支持。
厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸实现太湖蓝藻泥的减量与资源化
Reduction and resource utilization of cyanobacteria from Taihu Lake via anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids production
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摘要: 采用热碱预处理及厌氧发酵技术实现了太湖蓝藻生产挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)。结果表明,热碱预处理(T=90 ℃,pH=12)可以促进蓝藻中的固相有机质溶于液相中,溶解性的化学需氧量(SCOD)、碳水化合物和蛋白质相比未预处理分别提高了10.3、12.3和4.8倍。三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)分析表明,热碱预处理能提高蓝藻可生物利用性,同时降低腐殖酸的含量,有利于后续生物转化。在序批式厌氧发酵产酸运行模式下,平均总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFAs)浓度达到18.64 g·L−1,产酸效率(1 g VSS中VFAs的占比)为46%。半连续运行模式下,平均TVFAs可以达到15.56 g·L−1,产酸效率为26%。蓝藻中溶解性碳水化合物和蛋白质降解率分别为50.43%和47.04%。同时,蓝藻中总悬浮固体(TSS)和挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的降解率分别为24.5%和43.4%,达到了很好的减量化效果,但残留物中还存在大量有机物未生物转化。
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关键词:
- 太湖蓝藻 /
- 热碱预处理 /
- 厌氧发酵产酸 /
- 有机物释放 /
- 挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)
Abstract: A study of thermal-alkaline pretreatment and alkaline fermentation of cyanobacteria collected from Taihu Lake was conducted to produce the volatile fatty acids(VFAs). The results showed that thermal-alkaline pretreatment (T=90 ℃, pH=12) promoted the release of cyanobacteria organics into the liquid and provided enough bioavailable substrates for the subsequent acidogenic fermentation. In comparison with the control, the concentrations of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD), soluble polysaccharides and proteins increased by 10.3, 12.3 and 4.8 times, respectively. 3D excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) analysis demonstrated that thermal-alkaline pretreatment could improve the bioavailability of cyanobacteria and reduce the content of humic acid-like organics, which is beneficial to the subsequent acidogenic fermentation. In the sequencing batch tests of acidogenic fermentation, the average total volatile fatty acid (TVFAs) concentration reached 18.64 g·L−1, and the VFAs yield was 46%. In the semi-continuous tests, the average TVFAs reached 15.56 g·L-1 and VFAs yield was 26%, the degradation rates of soluble polysaccharides and proteins in cyanobacteria were 50.43% and 47.04%, respectively, and the reduction rates of total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reached 24.5% and 43.4%, respectively, which achieved good volume reduction results. However, a large amount of refractory organic materials was still not biodegraded or biotransformed. -
表 1 种泥、底物的基本理化性质
Table 1. Characteristics of cyanobacteria and seed sludge
供试材料 TSS/
(g·L−1)(VSS/
TSS)/%TCOD/
(mg·L−1)SCOD/
(mg·L−1)pH 溶解性碳水
化合物/(mg·L−1)溶解性蛋白质/
(mg·L−1)溶解性氨氮/
(mg·L−1)溶解性总氮/
(mg·L−1)产酸种泥 102 70.5 — 6 842.2 4.67 30 756.4 358.5 997.8 序批式进料蓝藻 72 55 45 614.4 1 228.1 5.8 284.7 826.1 40.8 241.3 半连续进料蓝藻 80 80 79 704 4 250.4 6.1 644 2 333.6 46.7 564.2 -
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