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随着我国对水环境质量要求的提高,废水的排放标准也日益严格,从一级A到各地方标准、从日均值达标到时时达标,都对污水处理工艺以及运行提出了严格的要求。但随着人们生活水平的不断提高,污水厂进水管控不严格,常常出现进水水质超过设计标准的情况,尤其是有机物浓度,对于污水厂的正常运行和出水造成了恶劣的影响,所以改善污水厂运行工艺,提高其抗冲击性能,对于保障污水厂的正常运行具有重要意义。
目前,活性污泥法在我国应用较为普遍,其结构简单、形式多样、运行管理方便,但进水水质波动会对处理过程产生冲击,使生化系统C/N/P营养比例失衡,在冲击来临时,常面临出水不达标的问题;同时污泥中的硝化菌丰度会伴随冲击过程逐步降低,导致出水氨氮恢复较慢,严重影响出水水质[1]。因此,需要通过工艺改善来保障污染物稳定达标。吴成强等[2]采用深度水解/MBR工艺处理高COD、高氨氮废水,工程运行结果表明,该工艺抗冲击负荷能力强,出水氨氮稳定低于1 mg·L−1。移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor, MBBR)兼具生物接触氧化和生物流化床的优点[3],属于典型的生物膜法。工程实践表明,MBBR工艺具有很强的抗冲击负荷能力。如在北方某污水厂实施Bardenpho-MBBR工艺改造后[4],进水COD波动频繁的情况下,出水水质稳定达标,且系统可稳定运行;李新利等[5]采用MBBR工艺处理皮革废水,常规活性污泥法氨氮容积负荷为0.21 kg·(m3·d)−1,而采用MBBR工艺后,容积负荷为0.53 kg·(m3·d)−1,MBBR工艺硝化负荷提升1.5倍,从而保障了氨氮稳定达标。
本研究通过向活性污泥系统中投加悬浮载体,形成泥膜复合的MBBR工艺,依靠悬浮载体对于微生物的富集筛选作用抵抗进水冲击,以期达到抗水质冲击的效果,保障水厂稳定达标;通过实际工程的运行效果,判定宏观上MBBR工艺的抗冲击性能,然后通过硝化小试实验和生化段沿程的测定,分析了活性污泥和悬浮载体的抗冲击性能;通过高通量测序,从微生物角度探究了活性污泥和悬浮载体对于硝化细菌的富集能力;从宏观和微观上分析了MBBR工艺的抗冲击性能,为污水厂的抗冲击提供稳定运行工艺以及理论指导,为类似工程的运行提供数据指导。
Bardenpho镶嵌MBBR工艺用于北方某污水厂抗冲击性能
Shock-loading resistance of Bardenpho-embeded MBBR process in a WWTP of northern China
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摘要: 采用Bardenpho镶嵌MBBR工艺对北方某污水厂进行提标改造,考察了在进水有机物长期超标冲击情况下的运行效果。通过对该污水厂近一年的运行数据进行分析发现,在进水BOD和TN超标的情况下,出水TN、BOD、
${{\rm{NH}}_4^ +} $ -N分别为(7.75±2.67)、(2.82±0.34)、(2.43±1.04) mg·L−1,稳定达到一级A标准,通过后缺氧区的设置,破除了回流比对TN去除的限制,使系统在进水TN超标的情况下同样能够稳定达标,TN去除率均值达到88%。硝化小试研究结果表明,在有机物冲击前后,悬浮载体的硝化速率没有受到影响,容积负荷分别为0.108 kg·(m3·d)−1和0.109 kg·(m3·d)−1,而冲击后活性污泥的硝化速率则较冲击前降低了44%。通过对生化段沿程各功能区断面出水测定发现,好氧MBBR区对${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$ -N的去除率超过90%,保障了出水氨氮的稳定达标。微生物高通量测序结果显示,MBBR悬浮载体对硝化细菌的筛选和富集具有重要作用,悬浮载体上硝化菌含量是活性污泥的5倍,为MBBR的抗冲击性能提供了微观保证。采用Bardenpho镶嵌MBBR工艺进行提标改造后,系统抗冲击性能较强,运行效果稳定,适用于污水厂升级改造。Abstract: In this study, the upgrading and reconstruction of Bardenpho-embeded MBBR process in a WWTP of northern China was investigated under a long-term impact of excessive organic matter in the influent. According to the operating data of the past year, when the influent BOD and TN consistently exceeded the design standard, the effluent TN, BOD and${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N were (7.75±2.67), (2.82±0.34) and (2.43±1.04) mg·L−1, respectively, which could stably meet the grade I-A discharge limit. In addition, the recycle ratio limitation on TN removal was successfully eliminated through the setting of a post-anoxic zone, then the effluent TN of the treating system still stably met the standard even when the influent TN exceeded the design standard, the average TN removal rate was 88%. The nitrification experiment result showed that the nitrification rate of the carrier was not affected before and after the shock organic loading, and their volumetric nitrogen loads were 0.108, 0.109 kg·(m3·d)−1, respectively, while the nitrification rate of activated sludge decreased by 44% after the shock loading. To explain this phenomenon by measuring the effluent of each functional zone along the biochemical section, it was found that the${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N removal rate in the aerobic MBBR region was over 90%, which ensured that the effluent ammonia nitrogen stably met the standard. Besides, the results of microbial high-throughput DNA sequencing showed that the MBBR suspending carrier played an important role in the selection and enrichment of nitrifying bacteria. The content of nitrifying bacteria on the suspending carrier was 5 times as high as activated sludge, which guaranteed for the shock-loading resistance of MBBR from a microbiology point of view. Overall, the Bardenpho-embeded MBBR process has a great potential as an alternative in upgrading of conventional sewage treatment plant, which is capable of handling shock organic loading condition to provide stable and excellent effluent quality.-
Key words:
- Bardenpho process /
- MBBR /
- suspending carrier /
- organic impact /
- stably meeting standard /
- shock-loading resistance
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表 1 硝化小试实验参数及实验结果
Table 1. Nitrification test parameters and results
样品 活性污
泥浓度/
(g·L−1)悬浮载
体填充
率/%活性污泥
容积负荷/
(kg·(m3·d)−1)活性污泥
硝化负荷/
(kg·(kg·d)−1)悬浮载体
容积负荷/
(kg·(m3·d)−1)冲击前 4.2 33 0.076 0.018 0.108 冲击后 5.7 33 0.057 0.010 0.109 -
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