高分子量高纯度阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成
Synthesis of a cationic polyacrylamide with high molecular weight and high purity
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摘要: 以丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为单体，在复合引发剂的作用下，选择水溶液共聚法合成高分子量与高纯度阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）。实验表明，有机偶氮引发剂A用量0.5‰、氧化还原引发剂用量0.45‰、还原剂与氧化剂摩尔比2∶1、反应体系pH为4与反应时间5 h条件下，CPAM分子量为1 042万，且溶解性好。通过对聚合物残单含量影响因素添加剂用量、反应时间的研究，结果表明，添加剂EDTA和增溶剂D对残留AM含量影响小，而苯甲酸钠对聚合物残留AM的含量影响显著；延长反应时间至7 h，残单含量可降低至0.27%，CPAM的纯度高。通过与国内外3种同类型产品进行对比，结果表明，自制产品的分子量明显高于其他产品，且残单含量比国内产品降低了50%～75%。Abstract: In this research， a cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with high molecular weight and high purity was synthesized though aqueous copolymerization of acrylamide with acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride， and the composite initiators were used to accelerate the polymerization. The experimental results showed that the molecular weight of CPAM with a high solubility in the range of 10.42 million was achieved when azo initiator (A) dosage was 0.5‰，redox initiator dosage was 0.45‰， the reducer/oxidizer molar ratio was 2∶1， reaction time was 5 h， and pH was 4. In addition， some parameters affecting residual monomer concentration such as additive concentration and reaction time were examined. The results indicated that additives (EDTA and solubilizer D) had no significant influence on the concentration of the residual AM monomer but sodium benzoate exhibited a remarkable effect on the AM concentration. Consequently， when prolonging the reaction time to 7 hours， the residual monomer concentration would be reduced to 0.27%， and a high purity CPAM was obtained. By compared with three same type products made at home and abroad， it showed that the molecular weight of CPAM was significantly higher than other products， and the residual content of AM was lower than domestic products， with a single reduction of 50%～75%.
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Key words:
- polyacrylamide /
- cation /
- high purity /
- high molecular weight /
- level of residue of monomer
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