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芬顿技术(Fenton)是一种高级氧化技术,产生的羟基自由基(·OH)氧化能力极强(E=2.8 V),能同时降解有机和无机污染物,在环境领域具有良好的应用前景[1-3]. 但由于使用的试剂过氧化氢(H2O2)在水体环境中不能稳定存在,易分解成H2O和O2,利用率较低[4-5]. 为克服传统Fenton技术的不足,学者们提出利用过氧化钙(CaO2)代替H2O2参与反应的类Fenton技术. CaO2可以在环境水体中缓慢释放H2O2,具有试剂有效期长、H2O2利用率高、pH适用范围广等传统Fenton技术没有的优点,目前已被学者和工程人员广泛研究和应用(如反应式1—4所示)[6]. 然而,现有研究大多是针对Fe2+和CaO2的反应体系,关于Fe3+和CaO2反应的研究相对较少[7-8]. 而且CaO2缓释H2O2的过程中会产生Ca(OH)2,提高溶液的pH,使铁离子沉淀析出影响催化效果,因此铁离子利用率较低. 如何促进铁离子溶解,强化Fe3+/Fe2+循环,对实现铁离子高效利用、增强体系降解性能具有重要的实际意义. 一些学者发现,Fe3+与乙二胺四乙酸盐(EDTA)、三聚磷酸盐(STPP)、草酸盐(OA)等配体络合可以抑制铁沉淀的生成[9-11]. 此外,引入配体也可以有效降低Fe3+/Fe2+的氧化还原电位,增强电子传递速率,促进Fe2+催化CaO2产生更多的·OH,提高反应效果[12].
EDTA是一种十分常用的代表性螯合剂,能和碱金属、稀土元素和过渡金属等形成稳定的水溶性络合物,其与Fe3+形成络合物后可以抑制铁离子沉淀,提高铁离子的利用率. 与其他配体相比,EDTA具有更强的螯合能力,其与Fe2+和Fe3+络合的稳定常数可以达到14.27和24[13]. 本文选用EDTA作为CaO2类Fenton体系的配体,以苯酚为目标污染物,研究了不同因素(EDTA浓度、Fe3+浓度、CaO2投加量、初始pH值)对Fe3+/EDTA/CaO2体系降解苯酚的影响及作用机理,揭示了EDTA增强铁离子溶解及循环、CaO2加快反应体系启动的重要作用,并确定了体系中活性自由基的产生及作用机制,为CaO2类Fenton体系在水环境修复中的应用提供一定的理论依据.
Fe3+-EDTA催化CaO2类Fenton体系降解苯酚的机制及效果
Mechanism and effect of phenol degradation by Fe3+-EDTA catalyzing CaO2 Fenton-like system
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摘要: 基于CaO2的类Fenton体系具有缓释H2O2、高效降解污染物、有效作用周期长等优点,在环境修复领域得到广泛应用. 但目前研究主要针对Fe2+/CaO2体系,关于Fe3+/CaO2的研究较少,而如何提高Fe3+活化CaO2的能力,是铁离子高效循环利用、污染物持续降解的关键. 本研究有针对性地建立了Fe3+/EDTA/CaO2体系,对其降解能力、作用机制、关键因素进行了深入分析,结果表明,Fe3+/EDTA/CaO2体系在中性条件下对苯酚的降解率在95%以上,EDTA的加入可以明显增加铁离子在中性环境中的溶解度,而且EDTA可以桥接CaO2和Fe3+,加快二者之间的电子转移速率,促进Fe3+/Fe2+循环,改善苯酚的降解效果;活性自由基测定的实验表明,降解苯酚起主要作用的活性自由基是羟基自由基(·OH),
$\cdot {\rm{O}}_2^- $ 起到还原Fe3+的作用,促进Fe3+/Fe2+循环. 本研究对CaO2类Fenton体系的应用具有一定的理论意义.-
关键词:
- 过氧化钙(CaO2) /
- 三价铁(Fe3+) /
- 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA) /
- 类芬顿 /
- 苯酚
Abstract: CaO2-based Fenton-like systems are widely applied in environmental remediation with the advantages of slow release of H2O2, high efficiency for pollutant degradation, and long term of effectiveness. However, the current studies focus on Fe2+/CaO2 system, and limited studies were reported regarding to Fe3+/CaO2 system. Whereas the enhancement of Fe3+ on the activation of CaO2 is critical in Fe cyclic utilization and continuous degradation of pollutants. This study established Fe3+/EDTA/CaO2 system, and evaluated the degradation ability, interaction mechanisms, and key factors. The results indicate the degradation efficiency of phenol was greater than 95% by Fe3+/EDTA/CaO2 system under neutral pH conditions. The addition of EDTA enhanced the solubility of Fe3+ under neutral pH conditions; EDTA also bridged CaO2 and Fe3+ and enhanced the circulation of Fe2+/Fe3+ to improve the degradation of phenol. The analysis of the active free radicals indicate hydroxyl radical (·OH) played a key role in phenol degradation, and$\cdot {\rm{O}}_2^- $ enhanced Fe2+/Fe3+ circulation through the reduction of Fe3+. The study provides theoretical foundation in the application of Fenton-like systems.-
Key words:
- calcium peroxide /
- ferric ion /
- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt /
- fenton-like /
- phenol.
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表 1 GC-MS测得苯酚降解的中间产物
Table 1. Intermediate products of phenol degradation measured by GC-MS
仪器出峰时间/min
Peak time化合物
Compound分子结构
Molecular Structure取样时间/min
Sampling time0 10 30 60 120 6.73 苯酚 √ √ √ √ 12.5 对苯二酚 √ √ √ √ 12.1 邻苯二酚 √ √ √ √ 6.7 对苯醌 √ √ √ 3.5 乙醛酸 √ √ -
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