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汞具有较高的挥发性,其毒性具有持久性和生物累积性,可通过食物链传递,已经被世界卫生组织列为优先控制污染物[1-3]。煤炭燃烧是重要的大气汞排放污染源之一[4-5],我国最新修订的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》,对燃煤电厂烟气中的汞及其化合物的排放进行了严格的限定,限值为30 μg·m−3。2017年8月6日,中国参与的全球首个汞限排国际公约《关于汞的水俣公约》正式生效[6]。燃煤汞污染问题的高效治理,已成为煤炭清洁利用的重要方面之一。
燃煤烟气中的汞主要以3种形态存在:气态单质汞(Hg0g)、气态二价汞(Hg2+g)和吸附态汞(Hgp)。Hg2+和Hgp可以通过电厂的空气污染控制装置(APCD)脱除[7-8]。由于Hg0易挥发且难溶于水的特性,电厂现有的APCD难以将烟气中的Hg0g有效地脱除。因此,燃煤烟气中Hg0g的高效脱除成为了烟气汞污染净化的重点和难点。
目前,燃煤电厂研究较多而且开始应用的汞排放控制方法是在烟道中喷射活性炭来吸附烟气中的汞[9-10]。然而,燃煤电厂现场的应用结果表明,活性炭用量较大,其对汞的脱除效果受烟气温度和组分影响很大,活性炭脱汞成本较高,使活性炭喷射技术在燃煤电厂脱汞的应用受到很大限制。近年来,经济高效的非碳基吸附剂特别是天然矿物吸附剂受到研究者的广泛重视[11-12]。
凹凸棒石(PG)是一种天然硅酸盐类黏土矿物,经处理后孔隙发达,比表面积大,具有良好的吸附性和热稳定性,而且成本低廉,来源广泛,是良好的催化剂载体。锰氧化物具有良好的低温催化氧化活性,可将Hg0氧化为容易脱除的Hg2+,负载MnOx的催化剂已被研究用于脱除燃煤烟气中的Hg0[13-18]。
本课题组前期研究结果表明,PG负载V2O5、CuO、MnOx等所形成的催化剂在排烟温度范围内对Hg0具有较高的氧化和吸附能力,其中凹凸棒石负载MnOx催化剂在低温展现了较高的脱除Hg0的能力[19-20]。为进一步研究MnOx/PG催化剂脱除烟气中Hg0的性能,本文研究了MnOx/PG催化剂制备条件、工况条件(反应温度、汞浓度、空速)等对MnOx/PG催化剂脱除Hg0的影响,并研究了脱除Hg0后MnOx/PG催化剂的再生及不同条件下再生后MnOx/PG催化剂的脱除Hg0活性。
MnOx/PG催化剂脱除气态Hg0及其再生性能
Study of MnOx/PG catalyst for Hg0 removal and regeneration
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摘要: 本文研究了MnOx/PG催化剂脱除模拟烟气中Hg0的性能及脱除Hg0后MnOx/PG催化剂的再生。考察了Hg0浓度、空速等操作条件及再生方法对MnOx/PG催化剂脱除Hg0的影响。结果表明,MnOx/PG催化剂具有良好的脱除Hg0的能力和稳定性,在反应温度为210 ℃、空速为6000 h−1、Hg0浓度为80 μg·m−3的条件下400 min时的Hg0脱除效率保持在95%以上,50 h时仍能保持在80%左右。热再生后的MnOx/PG催化剂仍具有良好的脱除Hg0能力,最佳再生温度为400 ℃,水洗再生对MnOx/PG催化剂的再生效果不明显。热再生后的MnOx/PG催化剂经空气预氧化处理有利于提高其对Hg0的再次脱除能力。Abstract: Gas phase Hg0 removal by MnOx/PG catalyst was studied as well as the regeneration of the used MnOx/PG catalyst after Hg0 removal in this paper. The effects of Hg0 concentration, space velocity and regeneration method on Hg0 removal over MnOx/PG were investigated. The results showed that MnOx/PG catalyst had high and stable Hg0 removal capability. Hg0 removal efficiency was above 95% at 210 ℃ with the space velocity of 6000 h−1 and Hg0 concentration of 80 μg·m−3 for 400 mins, and could maintained about 80% for 50 h. MnOx/PG catalyst still had high Hg0 removal capability after thermal regeneration and the optimal regeneration temperature was 400 ℃, while the effect of water-washing regeneration was not obvious. The pre-oxidation treatment of MnOx/PG catalyst after thermal regeneration was beneficial to improve the Hg0 removal capability of MnOx/PG.
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Key words:
- MnOx/PG /
- mercury /
- regeneration /
- flue gas
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表 1 500 ℃热再生前后MnOx/PG的比表面积和孔结构
Table 1. Properties of MnOx/PG and MnOx/PG after 500 ℃ regeneration
样品
Samples比表面积/(m2·g−1)
ABET孔体积/(cm3·g−1)
Vt平均孔径/nm
DaveMnOx/PG 133.21 0.499 17.10 MnOx/PG-500 71.24 0.538 16.93 -
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