滦河口-北戴河海域夏、秋季浮游植物群落时空变化及影响因素
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Phytoplankton Community and Their Controlling Factors in the Luanhe-Beidaihe Coastal Waters in Summer and Autumn
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摘要: 近年来滦河口-北戴河海域生态健康受赤潮、低氧灾害威胁较大。浮游植物在赤潮、低氧发生过程中发挥着关键作用，探究浮游植物群落时空变化及其与环境因子的关系，对保护近海生态系统健康具有重要意义。本研究围绕滦河口-北戴河海域于2019年11月(秋季)和2020年8月(夏季)开展2个航次调查环境因子和网采浮游植物，分析了浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、优势种、多样性、空间分布等特征，采用聚类分析研究了浮游植物群落时空格局，采用冗余分析(RDA)研究了浮游植物群落空间变化与环境因子的关系。结果表明，共鉴定出浮游植物3门34属69种，其中以硅藻为主，甲藻和金藻较少。夏季优势种主要为浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)，秋季优势种包括洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)、中华齿状藻(Odontella chinensis)等。夏季浮游植物平均丰度(309.94×104 cells·m-3)明显高于秋季(14.15×104 cells·m-3)，但其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值(分别为2.60和0.66)均低于秋季(分别为3.54和0.95)。聚类分析表明，浮游植物群落在夏、秋季之间以及夏季在北戴河附近海域与其南侧海域之间存在显著差异，与浮动弯角藻在北戴河附近海域大量增殖有关。RDA分析表明夏季浮游植物群落空间变化主要受海水温度、盐度和无机氮影响，秋季主要受化学需氧量影响。此外，海流、扇贝摄食作用可能也对浮游植物群落空间变化存在影响。Abstract: In recent years, the ecological health of the Luanhe-Beidaihe coastal waters has been under threat from red tides and hypoxia. Phytoplankton plays a crucial role in the processes of red tides and hypoxia. Therefore, investigating the temporal and spatial variations of the phytoplankton community and their relationships with environmental factors is of great significance for protecting the health of the coastal ecosystem. This study conducted two surveys in November 2019 and August 2020 respectively to obtain the environmental factors and net phytoplankton in the Luanhe-Beidaihe coastal waters. The species composition, cell abundance, dominant species, diversity, and distribution of the phytoplankton community were analyzed. Cluster analysis was employed to study the temporal and spatial patterns of the phytoplankton community, while redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to explore the relationships between the phytoplankton community and environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 69 species of phytoplankton belonging to 3 phyla and 34 genera were identified, mainly composed of diatoms, with relatively fewer dinoflagellates and chrysophytes. The dominant species in summer were mainly Eucampia zodiacus, while in autumn they included Chaetoceros lorenzianus, Odontella chinensis, etc. In summer, average cell abundance (309.94×104 cells·m-3) was higher than in autumn (14.15×104 cells·m-3), but average values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index (2.60 and 0.66, respectively) were lower than in autumn (3.54 and 0.95, respectively). The cluster analysis indicated significant seasonal differences between summer and autumn, and significant spatial differences between the Beidaihe area and its southern sea areas in summer, which were caused by the proliferation of E. zodiacus near the Beidaihe waters. The RDA analysis revealed that the key factors influencing the spatial variation of the phytoplankton community in summer were seawater temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, while in autumn it was mainly chemical oxygen demand. Furthermore, coastal currents and scallop feeding may potentially affect the spatial variations of the phytoplankton community.
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Key words:
- Luanhe-Beidaihe /
- Qinhuangdao /
- phytoplankton /
- temporal and spatial variation /
- environmental factor
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