汞胁迫下鱼腥草生长生理特性的响应
Effect of Mercury Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Houttuynia cordata
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摘要: 汞是贵州省农田土壤中的主要污染物之一，但其对鱼腥草生长及生理特性影响未见报道。本研究通过土壤盆栽实验，探究不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400和800 mg·kg-1)汞胁迫下，鱼腥草的生长和生理特性的变化，为研究汞胁迫毒害鱼腥草的机理及汞污染土壤的植物修护提供理论依据。结果表明，汞胁迫并未对鱼腥草新根根茎粗、根茎长及老根根茎粗产生明显影响(P>0.05)，但汞浓度为800 mg·kg-1时，鱼腥草老根根茎长度显著降低(P＜0.05)，其平均根茎长度降低40.57%；鱼腥草总鲜质量随着汞浓度的增加而降低(P＜0.05)。当汞浓度达到200 mg·kg-1时，鱼腥草盆栽生长状况出现明显的毒害作用。汞胁迫抑制鱼腥草叶绿素的生成，当汞浓度为400 mg·kg-1时，鱼腥草叶绿素含量最低，此时鱼腥草总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量相比于对照组分别降低56.37%、58.88%、51.32%。随汞胁迫浓度增加，鱼腥草叶片超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性均呈现先下降后上升的趋势、鱼腥草叶片过氧化酶(peroxidase, POD)活性呈现上升趋势；而鱼腥草根茎SOD活性呈现上升趋势、CAT活性呈现先上升后降低、鱼腥草根茎POD活性呈现下降的趋势。汞浓度增加降低了鱼腥草叶片黄酮含量(P＜0.05)。本研究表明汞胁迫对鱼腥草具有毒害作用，可损害鱼腥草的生长发育，影响鱼腥草的抗氧化酶系统，并抑制鱼腥草中叶绿素和黄酮的生成。鱼腥草对汞胁迫具有一定的耐受能力，结合鱼腥草本身对生长环境适应能力强的特点，可作为土壤汞浓度不超过200 mg·kg-1的汞污染土壤修复植物。Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is one of the main pollutants in agricultural soils in Guizhou Province, but the effect of Hg on the growth and physiological characteristics of Houttuynia cordata has not been reported. To provide theoretical basis for the mechanism of Houttuynia cordata damage caused by Hg stress and the phytoremediation technologies for mercury-contaminated soil, this study explored the growth and physiological characteristics of Houttuynia cordata under different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mg·kg-1) of Hg stress using soil pot experiments. The results showed that Hg stress had no significant effect on the new root and stem thickness, new root and stem length, and old root and stem thickness of Houttuynia cordata (P>0.05). However, the old root and stem length of Houttuynia cordata significantly decreased under Hg stress when the Hg concentration reached 800 mg·kg-1 (P<0.05), and the average root and stem length of Houttuynia cordata decreased by 40.57% compared with the control group. The total fresh weight of Houttuynia cordata in each group decreased with the Hg concentration (P<0.05). The Houttuynia cordata significantly deteriorated under Hg stress when the Hg concentration was higher than 200 mg·kg-1. Mercury stress inhibits the generation of chlorophyll in Houttuynia cordata. The lowest chlorophyll content in Houttuynia cordata under Hg stress occurred in 400 mg·kg-1 Hg concentration. The total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b content in Houttuynia cordata reduced by 56.37%, 58.88%, and 51.32% compared to the control group, respectively. With the increase of Hg concentration, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activities in the leaves of Houttuynia cordata first showed a decreasing trend and then showed an increasing trend, while the peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity in the leaves of Houttuynia cordata showed an increased trend. With the increase of Hg concentration, the SOD enzyme activity in the roots and stems of Houttuynia cordata increases, the CAT enzyme activity in the roots and stems of Houttuynia cordata first increases and then decreases, while the POD enzyme activity in the roots and stems of Houttuynia cordata decreases. The flavonoid content in Houttuynia cordata leaves decreases with Hg concentration (P<0.05). These results indicated that Hg stress has a toxic effect on Houttuynia cordata, which can damage its growth and development, affect its antioxidant enzyme system, and inhibit the generation of chlorophyll and flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata. The Houttuynia cordata has a certain tolerance to Hg stress. Considering its strong adaptability to the growth environment, Houttuynia cordata can be used as a soil remediation plant for Hg contaminated soil with Hg levels less than 200 mg·kg-1.
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Key words:
- mercury stress /
- Houttuynia cordata /
- physiological characteristics /
- phytoremediation
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