洗护用品中的抗菌成分对水生态环境的危害作用
Adverse Effects of Antibacterial Ingredients in Sanitary Products on Aquatic Ecological Environment
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摘要: 随着抗菌药物在医疗、工农业和日常生活中的广泛应用，水体抗生素污染已经成为全球公共卫生问题。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发促使人们对抗菌卫生用品的使用量进一步增加，大量杀菌剂随生活废水排入水体，导致水环境中各种抗菌物质浓度急剧升高，进一步加重了水体的净化负担。洗护用品中的抗菌成分大多具有广谱杀菌作用，排入水体后势必对水中的常居微生物产生危害，增加水中微生物耐药性，同时也给水生生物带来威胁。本文系统总结了洗护用品中最常添加的酚类、含氯类和季铵盐类等杀菌剂在国内外水环境中的浓度分布和对微生物、水生生物的毒性作用，以期为我国科学倡导及管理洗护用品中抗菌成分的添加和使用提供科学依据。Abstract: With the wide application of antibiotics in medical, industrial, agricultural and daily life, antibiotic pollution in water has become a global public health problem. To make matters worse, the COVID-19 pandemic has promoted a further increase in the use of antibacterial hygiene products. As a result, a large number of wastewater containing antibacterial ingredients were discharged, resulting in the increase of the concentration of various antibacterial ingredients in the water environment, and then the burden of water purification increased. Most of the antibacterial ingredients in sanitary products have a broad-spectrum bactericidal effect. When these antibacterial components are discharged into water with wastewater, they are bound to have adverse effects on resident microorganisms in water, increase the drug resistance and threaten the composition of aquatic organisms. In order to provide scientific basis for advocating and managing the addition and use of antibacterial ingredients in sanitary products in China, this review systematically summarized the concentration distribution and adverse effects on microorganisms and aquatic organisms of phenolics, chlorine-containing compounds, quaternary ammonium salts and other fungicides commonly added in sanitary products in domestic and foreign water environment.
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