西北某典型工业园区土壤重金属污染源解析及其健康风险评估
Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Typical Industrial Park in Northwest China
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摘要: 为了解西北某典型工业园区土壤重金属污染现状、分布特点及环境风险，在研究区采集52个表层土壤样品，测定8种重金属元素浓度。以土壤重金属背景值为评价标准，采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法进行污染评价；通过相关性分析、聚类分析和空间分布探讨了重金属的同源性；采用PCA方法进行定量源解析，结合源排放成分谱经验数据及园区重点排污企业资料确定主要排放源类别，并细化到主要污染行业和企业；采用潜在生态风险指数和“四步法”对土壤重金属的生态风险和健康风险进行评价。结果表明，园区土壤重金属平均质量分数低于我国建设用地土壤污染风险筛选值(GB 36600—2018)，但相比土壤背景值存在普遍富集，Cd、Hg元素是背景值的3.73倍、14.14倍；Cd、Hg元素具有同源性，污染区域集中在化工企业；Cd、Hg是主要富集元素和生态风险元素；造成研究区周边土壤重金属污染的来源主要包括化工生产(38.0%)、自然来源(22.1%)及燃煤和矿石冶炼(15.3%)等；土壤重金属暴露尚未造成非致癌疾病风险，致癌风险超过可接受水平(1×10-6)，手口摄入暴露途径的健康风险最大，As元素的致癌风险较高。Abstract: In order to understand the current situation, distribution characteristics and environmental risks of heavy metals in soil in a typical industrial park in northwest China, 52 surface soil samples were collected and the contents of 8 heavy metal elements were determined. The contamination evaluation was conducted using comprehensive pollution index method and geo-accumulation index method, based on soil background value of heavy metals. The possible sources of heavy metals was preliminary explored by correlation analysis, cluster analysis and spatial analysis; quantitative source analysis was further performed by principal component analysis (PCA) method, combined with the empirical data of source emission component spectrum and data of key polluters in the park. The main emission source categories were determined, and the main pollution industries and enterprises were refined. Finally, ecological risk and health risk were evaluated by potential ecological risk index and “four-steps” method, respectively. The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals were all below the risk screening levels of soil contamination for building land (GB 36600—2018), but most heavy metals in soil were enriched, and Cd and Hg were 3.73 and 14.14 times the background values. Cd and Hg elements were homologous, and the contamination was concentrated in chemical enterprises. Cd and Hg were the main enrichment elements and ecological risk elements. The sources of heavy metals in the soil around the study area mainly included chemical production (38.0%), natural sources (22.1%), coal combustion and ore smelting (15.3%). Exposure to heavy metals had no non carcinogenic risk, however, carcinogenic risk was higher than the acceptable level. The health risk of hand-to-mouth intake exposure was the greatest, and the carcinogenic risk of As element was higher.
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- industrial park /
- health risk /
- spatial distribution /
- source identification
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