我国土壤环境的风险评估技术分析与展望
Analysis and Prospects on Soil Environmental Risk Assessment Technology in China
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摘要: 随着我国工业化、城镇化及农业高度集约化的快速发展，耕地和场地土壤复合污染问题日益突出，土壤污染的风险日趋显现。本文在总结国内外土壤污染健康风险评估技术发展历程的基础上，探讨我国国内建设用地健康风险评估技术导则的异同点，分析目前国内外有关土壤环境风险评估技术研究的热点与不足，重点介绍了蒸气入侵模型的发展、土壤中有机污染物和重金属健康风险评估方面的研究工作。最后，本文提出根据场地利用场景并结合考虑生物可给性的模型校正开展精细化的土壤环境人体健康风险评估，同时也要加强土壤环境的生态风险评估以及地质高背景区的风险管控。本文为未来场地土壤环境的分级分类管理提供了前瞻性建议。Abstract: With the rapid development of China's industrialization, urbanization and high agricultural intensification, the combined pollution of cultivated land and site soil has become increasingly prominent, and soil pollution risks have become increasingly urgent. This paper summarizes the development history on health risk assessment technology of soil contamination at home and abroad, discusses similarities and differences of domestic health risk assessment technology guidelines for construction land, analyzes the current hotspots and shortcomings of research on soil environmental risk assessment technology at home and abroad with focuses on the development of vapor intrusion models and the research work on health risk assessment of organic pollutants and heavy metals in soil. Finally, this paper proposes to carry out a refined health risk assessment of soil contamination based on site utilization scenarios and bioaccessibility model calibration. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the ecological risk assessment of soil contamination, and the risk management and control of high geological background areas. This paper provides forward-looking recommendations for the future hierarchical and classified management of site soil environment.
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