十二烷基苯磺酸钠淡水水质基准初探及生态风险评估
Preliminary Investigation of Freshwater Water Quality Criteria and Ecological Risk Assessment of LAS
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摘要: 十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）是一种常用的洗涤剂，具有难降解和易残留等特点，是我国水体中普遍存在的有害物质。当水中LAS浓度过高时，会对淡水水生生物的生存产生不利影响。以LAS为研究对象，结合我国淡水水生生物组成特征，筛选国内外文献中有关LAS水生生物毒性数据，涵盖5门12科19种，共40个急性毒性数据。运用毒性百分数排序法（SSR）和物种敏感度分布曲线法（SSD）进行推导，结果表明，利用SSR法推导得出基准最大浓度（CMC）为0.56 mg·L-1、利用急慢性比（取10）求得基准连续浓度（CCC）为0.11 mg·L-1；利用SSD法得到CMC为0.58 mg·L-1，CCC为0.12 mg·L-1。2种方法结果相近，从安全角度考虑，选取SSR法所求的水质基准为最终结果。风险评估结果显示，我国水体中存在LAS潜在生态风险，且主要集中在城市水体中。Abstract: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) is a commonly used detergent, which is hard to degrade and easy to accumulate in the environment. LAS is a harmful substance that commonly exists in China's water environment. When the concentration of LAS in water reaches a critical level, it will seriously damage the water quality and affect the survival of aquatic organisms. In this study, LAS criteria in freshwater was analyzed based on the ecological features of freshwater organisms in China and the acute toxicity data include 19 species from 12 families, 5 phyla with total data number of 40. Two methods were used to deduce the water quality criteria. First, toxicity percentage rank method (SSR) was used to sort and calculate the data. Secondly, the species sensitivity distribution method (SSD) was used to test and fit the data, the double value reference of LAS of freshwater aquatic organisms in China was obtained. The results show that the criteria maximum concentration (CMC) derived by SSR was 0.56 mg·L-1, and the criteria continuous concentration (CCC) was 0.11 mg·L-1 using an acute-chronic ratio of 10. The data derived by SSD were 0.58 mg·L-1 and 0.12 mg·L-1, respectively. Although these results from above two methods were similar, we choose the criteria derived by SSR. The risk assessment showed that LAS might have potential adverse effects on Chinese surface waters, and the pollution is mainly concentrated in urban water bodies.
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