克拉玛依市地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险评估
Assessment of Pollution and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Surface Dust in Karamay City
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摘要: 城市地表灰尘作为城市环境污染物载体，影响城市生态环境和人体健康。为探究绿洲城市地表灰尘重金属污染风险，从新疆克拉玛依市克拉玛依区采集52个地表灰尘样品，分析其中Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr和As等6种重金属元素含量，采用内梅罗综合污染指数（NPI）、潜在生态风险指数（RI）和生态风险预警指数（IER），对地表灰尘重金属污染及生态风险进行评价。结果表明，研究区地表灰尘中As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Hg等元素平均含量分别为新疆土壤背景值的1.61倍、1.75倍、1.50倍、1.23倍和2.94倍，富集较明显；Cr元素平均值没有超出新疆土壤背景值。地表灰尘中Hg处于中度污染水平，Cd、Pb、As和Cu等元素处于轻度污染水平，Cr处于轻微污染水平，NPI平均值为3.07，处于重度污染水平。潜在生态风险评价结果表明，地表灰尘中Hg处于较强生态风险水平，As、Pb、Cr和Cu处于轻微风险水平，Cd处于中等生态风险水平，RI平均值为201.17，处于中等生态风险。生态风险预警结果表明，Hg处于轻警态势，Cr处于无警态势，Cd、Pb、Cu和As等4种元素处于预警态势，IER平均值为4.02，属于中警态势。研究区地表灰尘重金属污染水平与生态风险较高的区域主要分布于研究区西北部。Abstract: As the carrier of urban environmental pollutants, urban surface dust can affect ecological environment and human health in urban area. In order to evaluate the pollution risk of heavy metals in surface dust in oasis city, a total of 52 surface dust samples were collected from Karamay District of Karamay City, Xinjiang, and the concentration of six heavy metal elements, such as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Cu, were analyzed. The pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface dust were evaluated by using the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NPI), the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the ecological risk warning index (IER). The obtained results indicated that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Hg elements in surface dust in the study area exceeded the corresponding background values determined in Xinjiang soils by factors of 1.61, 1.75, 1.50, 1.23, and 2.94, respectively, at the higher enrichment level; The average concentrations of Cr was lower than the background values of Xinjiang soils. Hg element in surface dust fell into the medium pollution level, whereas Cd, Pb, As, and Cu elements fell into the low pollution level, and Cr fell into the clean level. The average value of NPI was 3.07, at the high pollution level. Results of the potential ecological risk assessment indicated that Hg fell into the high ecological risk level, whereas As, Pb, Cr, and Cu fell into the low ecological risk level, and Cd fell into the medium ecological risk level. The average value of RI was 201.17, at the medium ecological risk level. Results of the ecological risk warning indicated that Hg fell into the low ecological warning situation, whereas Cr fell into the no ecological warning situation, and Cd, Pb, Cu, and As elements fell into the early ecological warning situation. The average value of IER was 4.02, at the medium ecological warning situation. The areas with the relatively higher pollution and ecological risk level distributed mainly in the northwestern parts in the study area.
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Key words:
- heavy metal /
- Karamay City /
- surface dust /
- ecological risk
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