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介质阻挡放电(DBD)是一种非平衡气体放电过程,其中2个电极被固体介质材料隔开[1]。DBD的2个电极之间的介电层使得稳定的灯丝电流均匀地分布在整个放电区域,并防止电弧放电[2]。DBD的这种特性使其能够在大气压下工作,并具有放大的可能性,利于大规模应用。当在DBD等离子体反应器的2个电极之间施加高压交流电时,气体分子可以电离产生高能电子,并通过一系列的反应产生各种活性离子(H+、H3O+、O+、H-、O-、OH-和N2+)、分子(O3、H2O2)和自由基(•O、•H、•OH和•NO)等[3]。此外,DBD放电过程中会产生诸多物理效应,包括紫外线、冲击波和高温热解等[4]。基于此,DBD技术已被应用于材料改性、污染物处理和消毒抑菌等领域。传统的DBD水处理过程由于存在能量利用效率较低且易产生降解不完全的副产物等缺点,导致其只有较低的实际应用效率。因此,如何增加DBD作用过程中活性物质产量,充分利用放电产生的各种活性组分,提高能量利用效率,是DBD技术发展的重要方向。
为了提高DBD的能量利用效率,科学家们通过优化DBD反应器结构来实现这个目标。BAHRI et al[5]通过对非热等离子体的研究发现,电极结构是提高等离子体反应器能量的主要参数。KIM et al[6]研究了双介质DBD反应器中乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的降解,该反应器比普通平行板DBD反应器增加了额外的介质层。在放电频率30 kHz、电压14 kV和放电60 min后,EDTA的降解率可达90%以上,TOC去除率达40%以上。WANG et al[7]设计了多管并联表面放电等离子体反应器降解硝基苯酚(PNP),处理1 h后COD去除率达到97%。HAFEEZ et al[8]设计了一种多路O3发生器,包含6个并联电晕DBD混合填充床等离子体微反应器,在5.8 kV、20 kHz和76 mA条件下,O3产量增加了4.8倍。上述研究证实了DBD的电极结构和形式对其作用体系中有机化合物降解的关键影响。
本研究设计了一种双介质DBD反应器,其并联多个高压电极,用于甲基橙(MO)的脱色。为了说明多电极DBD反应器的优势,本研究分析了并联高压电极数目对放电特性、能量注入、MO 脱色和O3生成的影响,为DBD反应器电极结构的改进和优化提供了可能的方向。
新型多电极并联介质阻挡放电反应器的放电特性研究
Discharge characteristics of a novel multi-electrode paralleling DBD reactor
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摘要: 为了提高单一放电电极介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器的能量利用率,该研究建立了多电极并联DBD水处理体系,考察该反应器的放电特性及其对甲基橙(MO)的脱色效果。结果表明,与单一高压电极的DBD反应器相比,多电极并联的电极形式有效地降低了能量传输过程中的损耗,提高了系统的能量利用效率,进而促进了体系中MO的脱色,且相应的臭氧(O3)生成量增加。在实验考察的相同系统操作参数条件下,MO的脱色效果可由单一电极条件下的73.71%提高到5个电极条件下的96.11%;5个高压电极并联的DBD反应器产生的O3浓度是单个高压电极DBD反应器的2.13倍。Abstract: In order to enhance the energy utilization efficiency of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) with one discharge electrode, a DBD water treatment system with paralleling multi-electrode was set up in the research. The discharge characteristics and the decolorization ablility for the methyl orange (MO) was investigated. The results showed that the DBD system with multiple electrodes could alleviate the energy loss, enhance the energy utilization efficiency and then improve the decolorization of the MO and the ozone formation in the reaction system . Under the same experimental conditions, the decolorization rate of the MO increased from 73.71% in the DBD system with one electrode to 96.11% with five electrodes. Furthermore, the ozone concentration formed in the five-electrodes DBD system was 2.13 times of that generated in the one-electrode DBD system.
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表 1 不同高压电极数DBD反应器的输入功率
放电电极数/个 放电功率/W 1 4.35 2 5.37 3 6.30 4 6.47 5 7.12 表 2 不同高压电极数DBD反应器处理MO的脱色效果和能量利用效率
放电电极数/个 MO的脱色率/% 能量利用效率/g·kW·h−1 1 73.71 1.56 2 83.30 1.64 3 86.80 1.78 4 95.46 2.57 5 96.10 2.67 -
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