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我国城镇污水处理厂常年在实际运行过程中会遭受到有机负荷冲击[1-4],进水污染物浓度的突然变化或有机负荷(OLR)冲击会影响生化系统中微生物的生命活动、营养物质的利用及微生物代谢途径,进而影响水中污染物的去除效果[5-6]。我国城镇污水处理厂常用生物工艺为An/O、氧化沟、SBR和MBR等,An/O和SBR为城镇污水厂主要工艺[7],污水厂在运行的过程中常受高有机负荷冲击,生物系统遭受破坏且出水水质不达标,且高有机负荷冲击导致系统长时间处于低溶解氧状态,易造成污泥膨胀。因此如何采取有效的措施应对有机污染物冲击,保证出水水质稳定达标,对于实际工程应用价值更大。
董国日等[8]通过研究连续有机负荷冲击对SBR反应器的影响,当周期有机冲击负荷为0.10 kg COD/(kg MLVSS·h)时,SBR系统能够耐受连续多个周期的高有机负荷冲击。金明姬等[9]通过研究不同有机负荷条件下曝气时间对SBR反应器的影响,当搅拌/曝气时间分别为2.5 h/7.5 h时,COD和TP的去除效果最佳。本文通过改变进水有机负荷的大小,来了解不同有机负荷瞬时冲击对SBR反应器的影响,给出系统自然恢复时间。通过检测进出水COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP和活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS),并采取提高曝气量的方法探索其对各项污染物的去除效果,以此为工程实践提供理论参数支持。
瞬时有机负荷冲击对SBR反应器的影响及调控措施
Effects of instantaneous organic load shock on SBR reactor and control measures
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摘要: 为探究瞬时有机负荷(OLR)冲击对序批示活性污泥法(SBR)处理城镇污水的影响,进行了单周期瞬时高浓度OLR冲击试验,考察冲击时污染物去除效果及冲击前后胞外聚合物(EPS)组分及含量变化,并给出系统自然恢复的周期。通过调节曝气量的方式应对冲击,确定不同有机负荷条件下的最适曝气量。试验结果表明,系统在负荷达到0.68 g/(L·d)时出水COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP不能满足污水处理厂污染物排放标准。此时系统冲击前多糖(PS)和蛋白质(PN)分别为16.62和14.62 mg/g,冲击后EPS组分中PN含量无明显变化, PS含量经过11个周期自然恢复,在第5个周期PS达到最大值为30.17 mg/g,且反应器出水污染物能满足污水处理厂污染物排放标准。当有机负荷达到0.68 g/(L·d)时,系统最适曝气量2.1 L/min。Abstract: To explore the effect of transient organic load shock on the sequential activated sludge process (SBR) treatment in the urban sewage, a single period transient high concentration OLR shock test was carried out to investigate the effect of the pollutant removal and the changes of extracellular polymer (EPS) composition and content before and after shock, and the natural recovery period of the system was obtained. The optimal aeration volume under different organic load conditions was determined by adjusting aeration volume to cope with the shock. The experimental results showed that the effluent COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP cannot meet the pollutant discharge standards of the sewage treatment plant with the system load of 0.68g/(L·d). The polysaccharide (PS) and protein (PN) were 16.62 mg/g and 14.62 mg/g before the system with a shock, respectively. After the shock, the PN content in the EPS component did not change significantly. The PS content recovered naturally after 11 cycles, and the PS content reached the maximum value of 30.17 mg/g in the fifth cycle. And the effluent pollutants from the reactor could meet the pollutant discharge standards of the sewage treatment plant. When the organic load was 0.68 g/(L·d), the optimal aeration volume of the system was 2.1 L/min.
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表 1 设计进水主要污染物浓度范围
mg·L−1 污染物 常负荷 负荷1 负荷2 负荷3 COD 372.1~427.3 798.2~811.2 1 116.3~1 281.9 1 484.8~1 709.2 NH4+-N 33.53~36.17 TN 38.53~41 TP 3.02~4.17 表 2 运行参数
指标 常负荷 负荷1 负荷2 负荷3 曝气/L·min−1 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 污泥负荷/g·(L·d)−1 0.17 0.34 0.51 0.68 -
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