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磷在生产和生活中的应用极为广泛,磷肥及磷化工产品的应用促进了经济的发展,便利了人民的生活,而大量含磷化合物的生产应用,增加了其迁移进入水体的风险,提高了水体富营养化发生的概率。在联合国生物多样性公约秘书处编写的第四版《全球生物多样性展望》中指出,磷污染的持续对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务构成非常严重的威胁[1]。
表层沉积物中磷释放对水体水质影响
The influence of phosphorus release from surface sediments on water quality
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摘要: 在外源磷污染逐步得到控制后,表层沉积物作为内源磷污染的主体,对水体水质的影响作用日益凸显。随着人类活动干扰的加剧,表层沉积物中磷的释放增加了包括河流在内的各类型水体发生富营养化的机率。黄河甘宁蒙段较为密集的闸坝数量、频繁的河道清淤疏浚工程以及水量在年内的不均匀分配,增大了区域内表层沉积物中磷的释放风险。掌握表层沉积物-水界面之间磷的交换行为对水环境的治理和磷负荷的调控具有重要的意义。Abstract: With the controlling of the external phosphorus pollution, the surface sediments become the main source of the internal phosphorus pollution and have an increasingly prominent impact on the water quality. Because of the intensification of human activities, the phosphorus release from the surface sediments increases the probability of water eutrophication for all kinds of water bodies, including the rivers. The risk of phosphorus release from the surface sediments is increased due to the intensive dams, the frequent river dredging and the uneven distribution of the water flow during the year among the Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River. It is significant to understand the exchange behavior of phosphorus between the surface sediment and the overlying water for the treatment of water environment and the regulation of the phosphorus load.
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Key words:
- surface sediment /
- phosphorus /
- release /
- water quality /
- environment treatment
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表 1 国内外不同水体表层沉积物中TP含量的统计情况
地点 采集时间 TP含量/μg.g−1 平均值 最小值 最大值 滇池 2013−03 2 171.8 844.0 8 144.4 巢湖 2013−11 841.0 272.0 1 574.0 太湖 2009−05 560.5 294.7 912.8 海河 2013−09 1 922.0 221.8 7 125.6 扬子江 2013−09 736.8 568.7 1 123.2 黄河甘宁蒙段 2011~2014 616.5 454.8 860.3 松花江 2013−09 567.4 465.0 726.3 珠江 2013−09 488.2 202.2 1 234.3 淮河 2013−09 411.8 319.9 470.3 辽河 2013−09 252.4 126.1 356.3 山美水库 2013−10 837.1 620.4 1 076.5 密云水库 2013−07 708.3 505.1 829.6 长江河口水库 2011~2012 695.0 535.1 910.9 厦门湾 2010−03 401.4 224.3 521.5 海州湾 2014 395.3 345.5 475.2 大亚湾 2011−05 264.8 206.0 342.0 新西兰 Rotorua湖 2012−08 2 661.0 1 526.0 3 564.0 印度 Cochin河口 2003 1 356.5 319.5 2 938.8 伊朗 Ekbatan水库 − 1 250.2 520.3 3 285.5 印度 Chilika湖 − 1 074.3 244.0 2 150.6 印度 Kalpakkam海岸 2012−09 997.8 268.5 1 839.0 加拿大 Winnipeg湖 2012~2013 834.0 557.0 1 121.0 澳大利亚 Myall湖 2004 605.0 290.0 1 010.0 尼日利亚 Ibadan河 2009−02 556.2 249.0 1 240.0 美国 Michigan西南湿地 2009−07~2009−09 540.9 28.0 1 910.0 西班牙 Anllóns河 − 540.5 169.0 1 565.0 日本 Kasaoka海湾 2014 463.3 280.0 640.0 巴西 Guanabara海湾 2010 446.4 117.8 793.6 埃及 地中海海岸 2013−05 407.6 72.0 583.0 巴西 Guaratuba海湾 2005−06 329.9 151.5 574.8 里海 2009 215.6 124.5 328.2 新西兰 Waiteti溪流 2012−12 212.0 93.0 715.0 -
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