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四川盆地及其周缘油气田开采产出的卤水资源非常丰富[1],尤其是非常规天然气——页岩气逐渐成为我国主要的新型能源资源。目前,我国页岩气可开采资源总量达到12.85万×109 m3,2022年全年开采总量为238×109 m3[2]。在页岩气开采过程中,来自深地层水资源、人工注入的淡水和合成化学物质组成的大量混合液体会随着采气过程逐渐返排到地面,其成分具有高有机物含量、高浓度总溶解性固体和高悬浮物的特征,被统称为页岩气采出水[3]。此类废水中不仅含有钠、钾、镁、钡和钙等常规金属元素,还含有锂(Li+)、锶、镓和硼等具有回收价值高的金属元素[4],其中Li+质量浓度的中位数超过30 mg·L−1,且镁锂比<8[5-6]。相比于盐湖卤水的高镁锂比,页岩气采出水中镁锂比较低,锂资源开发价值潜力大。到2030年,四川每年页岩气采出水水量预计为5 000~5 500×104 m3,可开采锂资源量超过1 500 t[7]。在页岩气采出水深度处理过程中有效提取锂资源,可实现降本增效目的。
页岩气采出水与盐湖卤水的水质差异大,尤其是有机物含量高,并具有种类多但浓度低的特征[8-9],往往需要系列耦合工艺处理才能达到回用或外部排放的标准[10]。然而,耦合工艺的各工艺段会不可避免的损失部分Li+,导致出水中Li+的质量浓度值偏低。尽管某些耦合工艺中的浓缩液Li+的质量浓度较高,但溶解性有机物含量值和总盐度值远高于原水[11],可能使得Li+提取的经济效益难以平衡投资成本。适当的预处理工艺去除页岩气采出水中部分污染物同时保持Li+不损失,将有利于从此类卤水中最大限度提取锂资源。与膜分离法和电化学法提锂相比,吸附法是一种易操作、适应性强且高效率的方法,尤其是适用于低品位的卤水环境提取锂资源。本课题组前期开发的锰基炭气凝胶锂吸附剂材料成功从经过软化(碳酸钠沉淀-微滤膜)预处理后的页岩气采出水中原位选择性提取了Li+,但存在达到饱和吸附时间长和吸附剂材料制备工艺复杂的问题[12];同时,炭气凝胶的多孔结构容易吸附页岩气采出水中的溶解性有机物[13],不利于解吸液中Li+的进一步纯化,且溶解性有机物对吸附行为的影响不明确。铝基吸附剂材料已被证实在盐湖卤水中具有快速吸附性能,实现了Li+的快速获取[14-15],但像溶解性有机物含量高的页岩气采出水中的吸附能效研究甚少,且未见相关工艺路线报道。因此,探明铝基吸附剂在页岩气采出水中的吸附行为,了解溶解性有机物对Li+插层行为的影响,将有助于此类废水中锂资源工业化回收。
本研究通过沉淀法和沉析法分别制备铝基吸附剂粉体和颗粒,探讨从混凝-超滤膜耦合预处理后的页岩气采出水中回收锂资源的可行性。探究铝基吸附剂粉体和颗粒对页岩气采出水中Li+的吸附行为,并以不含溶解性有机物的模拟页岩气采出水作为对照组,探究了溶解性有机物对颗粒吸附剂吸附Li+行为的影响。本研究工作将为规模化从页岩气采出水中提取锂资源提供理论支撑。
铝基吸附剂对页岩气采出水中Li+的吸附性能
Adsorption performance of aluminum-based adsorbent towards Li+ in shale gas produced water
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摘要: 从页岩气采出水中有效回收锂(Li+)资源可实现降本增效的目的。本研究利用化学沉淀法和沉析法分别制备了铝基吸附剂粉体和颗粒,研究了吸附剂材料对页岩气采出水中Li+的吸附行为,剖析了页岩气采出水中溶解性有机物对吸附剂吸附行为的影响。结果表明,粉体吸附剂的饱和吸附容量达到7.0 mg·g−1,颗粒吸附剂的饱和吸附容量为3.8 mg·g−1,其吸附动力学符合准一级吸附动力学模型,对不同水质的页岩气采出水均有吸附效果;然而,颗粒吸附剂在不含溶解性有机物的模拟页岩气采出水中的饱和吸附容量为5.0 mg·g−1。在固定床吸附实验中,颗粒吸附剂能回收废水中93.5%的Li+,但是模拟页岩气采出水组的解吸液中Li+的质量浓度为96.2 mg·L−1高于实际页岩气采出水组(58.8 mg·L−1)。因此,实际页岩气采出水中的有机物会严重抑制铝基吸附剂的吸附和解吸行为。Abstract: Effective recovery of lithium (Li+) resources from shale gas produced water (SGW) may achieve the goals of saving costs and increasing benefits. In this study, an aluminum-based adsorbent powders and particulates were prepared by chemical deposition method and precipitation method, respectively. The adsorption behaviors of the adsorption material to Li+ in SGW were investigated, and the effects of dissolved organic substances in SGW on the adsorption behaviors of the adsorption material were analyzed. The results showed that the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent powder reached 7.0 mg·g−1, and the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent particulate was 3.8 mg·g−1, and its adsorption kinetics conformed to the quasi-primary adsorption kinetic model. It also had the adsorption capacity for SGW with different water qualities. However, the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent particulate in the simulated SGW without dissolved organic matter was 5.0 mg·g−1. In the fixed-bed flow adsorption experiments, the adsorbent particulate was able to recover 93.5% of the Li+ in the SGW; however, but the Li+ concentration in the desorbed solution of the simulated shale gas wastewater group was 96.2 mg·L−1, which was higher than that of the actual SGW group(58.8 mg·L−1). Therefore, the organic matter in the shale gas wastewater can severely inhibit the adsorption and desorption behaviors of the aluminum-based adsorbent.
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Key words:
- shale gas produced water /
- aluminum-based adsorbent /
- adsorption capacity /
- organic /
- Li+ adsorption
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表 1 实际页岩气采出水和模拟页岩气采出水中各离子浓度
Table 1. Concentration of ions in actual shale gas wastewater and simulated shale gas wastewater
水样 离子质量浓度/(mg·L−1) Na+ K+ Li+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ Sr2+ Cl‒ Br‒ DOC 页岩气采出水 11 700.0 483.0 31.0 158.0 1 219.0 1 264.0 619.0 2 5847.8 365.2 26.6 模拟页岩气采出水 11 376.2 297.5 29.6 293.7 1 184.1 1 104.9 557.4 2 5305.0 0.0 0.0 表 2 4种不同来源实际页岩气采出水的水质参数和颗粒吸附剂的吸附容量
Table 2. Water quality of four different actual SGW and adsorption capacity of adsorbent particulates
样品 TDS
/( mg·L−1)浊度/
NTULi+质量浓度/
(mg·L−1)DOC/
(mg·L−1)吸附容量/
(mg·g−1)解吸液中Li+质量浓度/
(mg·L−1)解吸液中TDS/
(mg·L−1)威远 10 363.0 0.73 9.9 10.2 3.0 3.8 1 775.0 重庆 36 420.0 0.48 71.8 92.9 5.9 12.4 4 796.0 铜梁 42 020.0 0.64 31.3 20.1 3.9 11.8 6 853.0 某浓缩液 231 400.0 0.27 101.0 45.8 6.9 48.2 3 5580.0 -
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