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化学合成工业的蓬勃发展,在给人类生活带来便捷、高效、舒适生活的同时,亦给生态环境保护和人类健康带来巨大安全隐患。其中,废水中的酚类污染物主要来源于焦化厂、煤气发生站、合成酚厂、制药厂、合成纤维厂等化工生产过程产生的含酚废水[1],酚类化合物在生物体内能够使细胞组织失去活性[2],由于其高毒性、难降解、易生物积累等特性而受到广泛关注[3],苯酚、间甲酚、2,4-二氯酚、对硝基苯酚等6种酚类被列为我国水体优先控制污染物黑名单。如何去除与回收工业废水中的酚类化合物是目前国内外化工与环境领域关注的焦点问题之一。
目前,水体中酚类化合物的常用去除方法主要有萃取法[4]、吸附法[5-6]、生物降解法[7-8]及高级氧化法[9-10]等。溶剂萃取法工艺简单、易操作,但仅用于对高浓度含酚废水进行预处理;吸附法脱酚效率不高,需与其他脱酚方法联用;生物降解法经济可靠,但一般用来处理较低浓度的含酚废水;高级氧化法处理效果好,但成本高,目前工业上应用较少。乳化液膜法在20世纪70年代初期提出,能实现对液相中酚的分离与富集[11],具有低能耗、低成本、界面面积大、传质速率高、操作简单等特点,受到国内外研究者的广泛关注[12-13]。
传统乳化液膜多采用石油基溶剂,如煤油[14-15]、环乙烷[16]、正庚烷[17]等,具有毒性且不可被生物降解、不能再生,如果排放到环境中将对环境产生巨大危害[18]。采用绿色可持续的植物油来代替传统石油基溶剂是目前的一大研究趋势。棕榈油已被报道作为乳化液膜的绿色稀释剂用于分离苯酚(83%)[19]、银(97%)[20]、活性染料(90%)[18]、铬(97%)[21]等,其中分离苯酚的效果并不理想。本研究采用棕榈油作为绿色稀释剂来制备乳化液膜用于去除和回收焦化废水中的苯酚,以聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T-155)作为表面活性剂同时配以载体正辛醇,以期提高GELM体系分离酚的能力。本研究以模拟含酚废水为研究对象,通过单因素实验研究油内比、表面活性剂浓度、载体浓度、内水相浓度、制乳时间及制乳转速对乳化液膜稳定性的影响,考察表面活性剂浓度、载体浓度、内水相浓度、油内比、乳外比、搅拌转速和萃取时间苯酚去除率的影响,并研究该乳化液膜对不同酚类的去除效果和对苯酚的富集能力,以期为实验室研究与工业化应用提供参考。
乳化液膜法对废水中酚的高效去除与富集
Efficient removal and enrichment of phenol from wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane method
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摘要: 采用绿色高效的乳化液膜法(GELM)去除与富集废水中的酚类污染物,建立了以棕榈油和煤油混合物(7:3)为膜溶剂、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T-155)为表面活性剂、正辛醇为载体的乳化液膜体系,提高了GELM法分离酚的能力,并研究了各因素对液膜稳定性及对废水中苯酚的分离富集效果的影响。乳化液稳定性和分离酚的实验结果表明,在最优条件下,乳液稳定性好,且该乳化液膜对废水中苯酚和COD去除率分别为99.5%和74%,对邻甲酚、邻氯苯酚、邻氨基苯酚等酚类污染物的除酚率均达~99%,在初始酚浓度4000 mg·L−1时,除酚率仍然达~90%,说明该体系可实现对酚的高效去除。此外乳化液膜对苯酚的富集倍数随乳外比的增大而增大,在乳外比为1∶10时苯酚富集约16倍,说明该体系实现了对苯酚的有效富集。研究结果可为废水中酚类污染物的去除与资源化回收提供绿色、高效、低成本解决方法。Abstract: A green and high-efficient emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) method was developed to remove and enrich phenol pollutants from phenol contaminated wastewater. The emulsion liquid membrane was established with a mixture of palm oil and kerosene (7∶3) as membrane solvent, polyisobutylene polysuccinimide (T-155) as surfactant, and n-octanol as carrier, which improved phenol removal ability by GELM. The effects of various factors on the stability of emulsion liquid membrane and the separation and enrichment effect of phenol in wastewater were studied. The results of emulsion liquid stability and phenol separation experiments showed that under the optimal conditions, the emulsion was stable, and the removal rates of phenol and COD were 99.5% and 74%, respectively. The removal rates of o-cresol, o-chlorophenol and o-aminophenol reached 99%. When the initial phenol concentration was 4000 mg·L−1, the removal rate of phenol was still close to 90%, indicating the system can remove phenol efficiently. In addition, the enrichment ratio of phenol increased with the emulsion ratio. When the emulsion ratio was 1∶10, the enrichment of phenol was about 16 times, indicating the proposed scheme could effectively enrich phenol. This research provided a green, efficient, and low-cost solution for the removal and recycling of phenol pollutants in wastewater.
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Key words:
- green emulsion liquid membrane /
- stability /
- removal rate of phenol /
- enrichment
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