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“双碳”背景下,绿色低碳的污水处理技术成为发展重点。好氧颗粒污泥 (aerobic granular sludge,AGS) 是微生物自凝聚形成的颗粒状活性污泥,具有沉降性能好、生物量高、可同步去除碳氮磷等优点,而相比于传统活性污泥工艺,AGS能节省50%~75%的占地面积、20%~25%的运行费用和23%~40%的电耗,故该技术符合当前减污降碳的发展目标,具有一定应用前景[1]。世界范围内已有80余座污水处理厂在序批式反应器 (sequencing batch reactor,SBR) 中成功应用了AGS技术,但在连续流反应器中成功应用AGS技术的仅10余座,连续流AGS的推广应用还未取得实质性的突破[2]。尽管SBR更易于培养AGS,但存在处理量小、设备使用率低等缺陷。而连续流是现有污水处理厂的主要运行模式,故连续流AGS的培养备受关注。
丰盛-饥饿条件[3-4]、基于污泥沉降速度[5-6]、尺寸或密度[7-8]的选择压及水力剪切力[9]等被认为是SBR-AGS颗粒化的关键影响因素。但连续流的培养环境与SBR截然不同,这些关键影响因素更难实现。SUN等[10]采用系列串联的完全混合反应器组成整体推流的连续流系统,同时沉淀池采用1 min进水→4 min静态沉淀→1 min排水的间歇运行模式,创造基于沉降速度的选择压,研究了丰盛-饥饿条件对连续流AGS形成的必要性。LIU等[11-12]应用双区沉淀池,通过调整沉淀区上方挡板的高度设置污泥选择压,在AAO系统中培养出平均粒径为210 µm的AGS。以上研究证实了丰盛-饥饿条件和选择压在连续流AGS培养中的必要性和可行性,但沉淀池的运行策略仍较复杂。在厌氧颗粒污泥的研究中,顶部为三相分离器的升流式反应器[13-14]能很好地富集颗粒污泥,但这些研究大多采用大高径比的柱式反应器,与现有污水处理厂的平铺式构筑物不兼容,开发的培养策略难以直接应用。再加上现有研究多为接种成熟AGS的小试实验,缺乏直接在连续流模式下培养AGS的更大尺度研究。
基于此,本团队提出一种新型的连续流AGS反应器,将三相分离器与传统活性污泥工艺组合,构成反应耦合沉淀一体式的反应器,以中试尺度在现有污水处理厂进行改造应用。通过向系统中接种活性污泥,以低浓度市政污水为基质,探究AGS的形成过程及其形貌和结构特性,并通过监测中试系统对NH4+-N和TN的去除效果,再结合微生物群落结构角度以探索系统的脱氮机理,以期为连续流AGS这一绿色低碳处理工艺的应用推广提供参考。
连续流好氧颗粒污泥技术处理低浓度市政污水的中试研究
Pilot study on treatment of low concentration municipal sewage by continuous flow aerobic granular sludge technology
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摘要: 基于河北省某污水处理厂原厌氧池构建了中试规模3 000 m3·d-1 (I、II系列) 的微氧-好氧耦合沉淀一体式反应器,以低浓度市政污水为基质、接种活性污泥,成功在连续流模式下培育了好氧颗粒污泥,并研究了颗粒污泥的形貌、结构特性、污染物去除性能及微生物群落结构变化。结果表明:中试系统形成的颗粒污泥轮廓清晰、呈规则球形和椭球形,平均粒径由接种污泥的28.9 μm增至90.1 μm,其中粒径>100 μm的占47.8%,>200 μm的占9.4%;中试系统培养的颗粒污泥机械强度远高于接种污泥的;I、II系列平均出水NH4+-N分别为1.3和1.0 mg·L−1,平均出水TN分别为9.9和9.1 mg·L−1,系统具有良好的脱氮效果。此外,高通量测序结果表明中试系统大量富集了好氧反硝化菌Methylophilaceae和Methylotenera,好氧反硝化途径可能在脱氮中起重要作用。本研究可为连续流好氧污泥工艺的升级改造,以及在现有污水处理厂工艺基础上发展高效低碳的连续流AGS工艺提供参考。Abstract: A novel configuration of micro-aerobic/aerobic reactor at a pilot scale of 3 000 m3·d-1 (series I and II) was developed based on the original anaerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant in Hebei Procince. Aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated in continuous flow mode with low-concentration municipal sewage as substrate, and the morphology, structural characteristics, pollutant removal performance and microbial community structure changes of granular sludge were studied. Results showed that the granular sludge formed by the pilot system had clear outline, regular spherical and ellipsoidal shape, and the average diameter increased from 28.9 μm to 90.1 μm. Granules with diameters greater than 100 and 200 μm accounted for 47.8% and 9.4%, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical strength of granular sludge cultured in pilot system was much higher than that of inoculated sludge. The average NH4+-N concentrations in effluent of series I and II were 1.3 and 1.0 mg·L−1, respectively, and the average TN concentrations in effluent of series I and II were 9.9 and 9.1 mg·L−1, respectively. Thus the system had a satisfactory nitrogen removal performance. Furthermore, the high-throughput pyrosequencing showed a significant enrichment of Methylophilaceae and Methylotenera at genus level, implying that aerobic denitrification pathway might play an important role in nitrogen removal.
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表 1 样本Alpha多样性指数
Table 1. Alpha-diversity of the samples
样本 Simpson Shannon Coverage AS 0.013 5.5 99.3% F 0.059 4.7 99.2% G 0.060 4.9 99.3% -
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