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挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)成分复杂多样[1]。在VOCs处理技术中,介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)因具有效率高、适用范围广、能耗低等优点而备受关注[2-6]。然而,在DBD的应用中尚存在能量效率低、副产物多等局限性[7-8]。由于电极结构的改变会直接影响微放电的形成、放电的均匀性和稳定性[6],因此可通过优化反应器的高压和接地电极结构来提高能量效率和VOCs的去除率。JIANG等[9]比较了以不同形状(线圈、螺纹棒、棒状)不锈钢材质电极为高压电极的DBD反应器对甲苯的降解性能发现,当电压为25 kV时,线圈电极的放电功率和能量效率最大。王洪昌[10]在18.8 kV电压下,采用不锈钢棒和不锈钢螺纹棒为高压电极对四氯乙烯和间二甲苯进行降解,发现不锈钢棒电极的放电功率,以及对2种污染物的去除率均高于不锈钢螺纹棒。SIVACHANDIRAN等[11]以铜丝、铝带和电介质外表面镀银作为接地电极对氯苯进行降解,发现电介质外表面镀银为接地电极时,反应器的电容最大,储存的电荷最多,且在较低比输入能量下对氯苯降解效率和CO2的选择性最高。然而,以上研究只关注了电极结构对反应器的放电功率、能量效率和污染物去除效率的影响,并没有对电极结构与反应器放电特性的关系进行深入分析。
本研究分别以不锈钢棒、不锈钢螺纹棒、不锈钢线圈作为高压电极,以铜带、铜网、铜丝作为接地电极,在DBD反应器中降解甲苯。通过放电图像、光谱、电压-电流波形、李萨如图、放电功率和放电间隙气体温度表征来分析不同电极结构反应器的放电特性,以甲苯去除率、矿化率、能量效率来评价不同反应器对甲苯的降解效果,并通过色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)来分析有机中间产物,以期阐明电极结构对甲苯降解过程的影响,为DBD反应器的设计优化及材料选择提供参考。
DBD反应器电极结构对放电特征及甲苯降解效果的影响
Influence of electrode structure of DBD reactor on the discharge characteristics and degradation performance of toluene
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摘要: 为研究DBD反应器电极结构对放电特征和甲苯降解效果的影响,设计了具有3种不同结构高压电极(棒、螺纹棒、线圈)和接地电极(铜网、铜带、铜丝)的反应器。通过放电图像、发射光谱、电压-电流波形、李萨如图、放电功率和放电间隙气体温度分析了不同电极结构反应器的放电特性;以甲苯去除率、矿化率、能量效率为评价指标,考察了电极结构对甲苯降解效果的影响。结果表明:3种不同结构高压电极反应器的放电强度顺序为线圈>棒>螺纹棒;当甲苯质量浓度为678 mg·m−3、电压为12~20 kV、且以线圈为高压电极时,反应器的放电功率、放电间隙气体温度低,分别为0.4~10.3 W、28~64 ℃,而对甲苯的去除率、矿化率、能量效率均最高,分别为77.71%~100%、21.03%~35.96%、4.96~8.81 g·kWh−1;3种不同结构接地电极反应器中以铜带为接地电极时放电强度最强,对甲苯的去除率、矿化率和能量效率最高,分别为25.3%~100%、3.41%~35.96%、4.96~23.17 g·kWh−1。本研究可为DBD反应器在降解甲苯应用中的结构优化和材料选择提供参考。Abstract: In order to investigate the influence of the electrode structure of the DBD reactor on the discharge characteristics and toluene degradation performance, reactors with three different structures of high-voltage electrodes (rods, threaded rods, coils) and ground electrodes (copper mesh, copper tape, copper wire) were designed. The discharge characteristics of reactors with different electrode structures were analyzed by discharge images, emission spectra, voltage-current waveforms, Lissajous figure, discharge power, and gas temperature of the discharge gap. The influence of electrode structure on toluene degradation performance was evaluated by removal efficiency, mineralization rate and energy efficiency. The results showed that the order of discharge intensity of three different high-voltage electrodes was coil > rod > thread rod. When the initial toluene concentration was 678 mg·m−3, the applied voltage was 12~20 kV, and the reactor was equipped with the coil high-voltage electrode, the reactor’s discharge power and gas temperature of the discharge gap were low, which were 0.4~10.3 W and 28~64 ℃, respectively, while the toluene removal rate , mineralization rate and energy efficiency reached the highest, which were 77.71%~100%,21.03%~35.96%, 4.96~8.81 g·kWh-1, respectively. Among the three reactors with different ground electrode structures, the reactor with copper strip exhibited the strongest discharge intensity, the toluene removal rate, mineralization rate and energy efficiency of the toluene were 25.3%~100%,3.41%~35.96%,4.96~23.17 g·kWh-1, respectively. This study can provide reference for structural optimization and material selection of DBD reactor in the application of toluene degradation.
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表 1 不同反应器的起始电压
Table 1. Initial discharge voltages of different reactors
电极种类 电极结构 起始电压/kV 高压电极 棒-铜带 3.5 螺纹棒-铜带 3.8 线圈-铜带 3.1 接地电极 线圈-铜带 3.1 线圈-铜网 3.4 线圈-铜丝 3.3 -
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