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利用人工湿地进行污水处理的技术目前已经得到广泛应用,但人工湿地运行过程中频繁出现的堵塞问题,已严重影响到人工湿地的持久和高效运行。而目前对人工湿地发生堵塞的判断及堵塞程度仅能进行定性评价,无法对堵塞区域进行精确定位。因此,在治理堵塞的时候没有具体针对性,在治理的时候只能针对于人工湿地整体进行,时间成本高、经济效果差。因此,针对人工湿地堵塞区域的定位探测是亟待解决的问题。
目前在实际针对人工湿地堵塞问题上,较为常用的有生物电池法[1]、探地雷达法[2-5] 、电阻率法[6-8]、渗透系数法[9]、示踪剂法[10-11]、分析堵塞物质性质[12]等方法。对于示踪剂法,投入的示踪剂会被湿地植物和其他生物吸收[13-14],且单一的示踪实验结果可能不具有代表性[4]。通过水力传导率法测得的值仅表示轴流方向上横截面内的平均水力传导率,并不能表示该横截面内某特定垂直和横向位置处的堵塞严重程度[15],实际操作过程中一般将水力传导率法和示踪剂法相结合。AIELLO等[16]分析了水平潜流人工湿地的水力特性,通过现场测量砾石层的水力传导率、量化累积堵塞物质,最后通过示踪实验可视化流动路径来研究堵塞现象。对于利用地球物理方法探测人工湿地堵塞问题方面,目前的文献主要还是集中在电阻率法和探地雷达方法,探地雷达精度较高、速度快,适合中、小尺度监测,可得到湿地内部能量衰减图像[3-4]。特别是MATOS等[5]使用探地雷达探测了种植香蒲与未种植植被的2个全尺寸水平潜流人工湿地的堵塞特性,结果表明,探地雷达可以探测出堵塞区域,但地质雷达方法也存在纵向尺度定位不精确的问题,并且由于人工湿地一般纵向尺度较小和水饱和状态,存在基底和边界反射较强、堵塞区域反射不够清晰的问题,因而探测精度不够理想。电阻率法对湿地内部造成的干扰较小,可以快速、无损、有效地反映湿地堵塞状况,在湿地堵塞物定性定量方面具有良好的发展前景[7-8]。但目前使用的电阻率探测方法多采用的是地面电阻率法,在纵向尺度探测效果不佳,并且干扰因素过多。
基于上述情况,本研究以较为广泛的潜流人工湿地为研究对象,根据潜流人工湿地结构和堵塞区域的特点,基于电阻率法提出了利用改进的高密度电阻率法来探测和定位人工湿地堵塞区域,并使用Visual MODFLOW(VMOD)建立了堵塞模型,主要从人工湿地堵塞探测的电阻率方法讨论、电阻率法的水槽模拟实验和流场模拟几个方面,探讨了基于电阻率法探测和定位人工湿地堵塞区域的可行性。
基于电阻率法的人工湿地堵塞区域探测方法
Detection method of constructed wetland clogging based on resistivity method
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摘要: 人工湿地污水处理技术已经得到广泛的应用,但目前对人工湿地堵塞问题,无法对堵塞区域进行精确定位。为了解决这个问题,根据潜流人工湿地结构和堵塞区域的特点,建立了长、宽、高分别为146、119和102 cm水槽物理实验模型,利用改进的高密度电阻率测井法开展了探测和定位人工湿地堵塞区域的实验研究,并结合人工湿地堵塞模型的Visual MODFLOW(VMOD)流场模拟特征,探讨了基于电阻率法探测和定位人工湿地堵塞区域的可行性。结果表明,改进的高密度电阻率测井法在电阻率探杆的电极间距不大于5 cm,供电极距DAB/2不超过12.5 cm的情况下,通过绘制电阻率数据的二维和三维视电阻率等值线图,能够更好地定位高阻体的空间位置和形态。可见,利用改进的高密度电阻率测井方法可以探测和定位人工湿地高阻堵塞区域,实现堵塞区域的精确定位。
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关键词:
- 潜流人工湿地 /
- 堵塞 /
- 改进的高密度电阻率测井法 /
- VMOD /
- 堵塞定位
Abstract: Constructed wetland for sewage treatment has been widely used, but at present, the blocked area in constructed wetland can not be accurately located. To solve the problem, according to the characteristics of subsurface flow constructed wetland structure and blocked area, a physical experimental model of a flume with length, width and height of 146, 119 and 102 cm, respectively, was established. Experimental research on detecting and locating the blocked area of constructed wetland was carried out by using an improved high-density resistivity logging method. Combined with Visual MODFLOW (VMOD) flow field simulation characteristics of the constructed wetland blocking model, the feasibility of detecting and locating the blocked area of the constructed wetland based on the resistivity method was discussed. The experimental results show that the improved high-density resistivity logging method could well locate the spatial position and shape of high resistivity body by drawing two-dimensional and three-dimensional apparent resistivity contours of resistivity data under the condition that the electrode spacing of the resistivity probe rod and the power supply distance of DAB/2 were less than 5 cm and 12.5 cm, respectively. Therefore, the improved high-density resistivity logging method can be used to detect and locate the high resistance blocked area of constructed wetland, which can realize the accurate location of the blocked area. -
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