-
随着点源污染的有效控制和管理,面源污染日渐成为水环境污染的主要贡献源。尤其是农业面源污染,是导致河流健康状况持续下降的主要原因,威胁着水生态系统的完整性和多样性[1-3]。河流生态缓冲带是保护河流水质的一道屏障,通过建立和恢复河流生态缓冲带来拦截面源污染,被认为是一项行之有效的措施和管理途径[4-6],也是河流水质保护的重要手段,对维系河流生态系统的健康起着重要作用[7-8]。
缓冲带(buffer zone,BZ),亦称植被过滤带(vegetative filter strips,VFS)、植被缓冲带(vegetative buffer strips, VBS)、保护缓冲带(conservation buffer strips,CBS)等,是指利用植被拦截污染物或有害物质的条带状保护区域[9-11]。从狭义上讲,河流生态缓冲带指河岸植被缓冲带,它具有截留污染物以净化水质、提供生物栖息地以保护物种多样性、调节河流微气候、稳固河岸、连接廊道、美化景观等生态功能,具有独特的生物化学循环特征和生态水文功能[5, 12]。从广义上讲,具有水质净化、降低氮磷污染物入河作用的河道两岸湿地缓冲区、养分拦截沟、生态围堰等水生态处理系统,以及具有土壤固碳、改善水质等多种生态服务功能的河道两岸的农田区非农生境的条状植被覆盖带,也可归入河流生态缓冲带范围[13-14]。
河流生态缓冲带的研究在国外已有较长历史,其研究内容从19世纪末期到20世纪60年代单纯的水土保持,发展到后来的保护陆地生态系统、提高生物多样性等方面。尤其是20世纪80年代以来,欧美等国家在缓冲带功能、植被类型及其净化效果、缓冲带宽度确定模型的构建、缓冲带管理等方面开展了大量研究。在20世纪90年代末,美国农业部国家资源保护局(USDA-NRCS)提出了国家保护性缓冲带倡议(National Conservation Buffer Initiative),从此开启了以控制面源污染为目标,保证水系周边地带稳定性、提高生态环境整体质量的生态恢复与保护的新阶段[15-18]。
我国对河流生态缓冲带的研究起步较晚。近年来,尽管在缓冲带功能及构建技术方面开展了一些初步研究[19-22],但仍停留在概念、功能和管理等方面的定性描述。而如何结合我国流域水环境的实际情况,在科学划定河流生态缓冲带的范围、构建缓冲带生态修复模式方面还存在明显不足。为此,本文对河流生态缓冲带在农业面源污染阻控方面的研究进行了系统梳理和分析,旨在为我国河流生态缓冲带的科学划定、生态构建及生态系统管理提供参考和借鉴。
以农业面源污染阻控为目标的河流生态缓冲带研究进展
Research progress in riverine ecological buffer zone for control of agricultural non-point source pollution
-
摘要: 河流生态缓冲带是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,一些国家已将河流生态缓冲带的构建与维护作为控制流域面源污染的关键措施。针对河流生态缓冲带的农业面源污染阻控功能,梳理了河流生态缓冲带的研究进展。基于河流生态缓冲带类型的划定,重点总结了河岸植被缓冲带的阻控机制及影响阻控效果的主要因素、氮磷削减途径和缓冲带生态构建模式,并就植被缓冲带对污染物的削减机理及量化方法、缓冲带的设计理念与构建模式、缓冲带的长期效果评估和管理机制等方面提出了展望,以期为我国河流生态缓冲带的科学划定、生态构建以及生态系统管理提供参考。Abstract: As an important part of river ecosystem, riverine buffer zone has been regarded as one of the best ways for river basin governance and also employed globally as a key technical measure to control non-point source pollution. On the basis of literature review, this article summarized the recent research progress on riverine buffer zone for control of agricultural non-point source pollution to improve water quality, in particular to the types of riverine buffer zone, the pollution control mechanism of typical riparian vegetation buffer zone, the main impact factors on the retention effect of pollutants in runoff, removal pathway of N and P, as well as ecological construction mode of riparian buffer zone. Moreover, based upon recent research status in riverine buffer zone, prospects were put forward in terms of the mechanism and quantization method of pollutant reduction, the design concept and construction mode, and the long-term effect evaluation and management mechanism of buffer zone, so as to provide reference for the scientific delimitation, ecological construction and system management of riverine buffer zone in China.
-
-
[1] 李秀芬, 朱金兆, 顾晓君, 等. 农业面源污染现状与防治进展[J]. 中国人口资源与环境, 2010, 20(4): 81-84. [2] ZHANG W Q, JIN X, LIU D, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river: Fuyang River in northern China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 55: 41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.004 [3] 刘同岩, 杨驰浩, 周宇澄, 等. 天目湖流域氮磷面源污染现状分析[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(12): 2641-2643. [4] MANDER U, HAYAKAWA Y, KUUSEMETS V. Purification processes, ecological functions, planning and design of riparian buffer zones in agricultural watersheds[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2005, 24: 421-432. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.015 [5] DOSSKEY M G, VIDON P, GURWICK N P, et al. The role of riparian vegetation in protecting and improving chemical water quality in streams[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2010, 46: 261-277. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00419.x [6] TANG Q, BAO Y, HE X, et al. Sedimentation and associated trace metal enrichment in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 479-480: 258-266. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.122 [7] WANG Q, LI C, CHEN C, et al. Effectiveness of narrow grass hedges in reducing atrazine runoff under different slope gradient conditions[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2018, 25(1/2): 7672-7680. [8] 刘威尔, 张鑫, 张娟, 等. 农田缓冲带规划建设与天敌保护效果研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(2): 172-179. [9] HICKEY M B C, DORAN B A. Review of the efficiency of buffer strips for the maintenance and enhancement of riparian ecosystems[J]. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 2004, 39(3): 311-317. doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2004.042 [10] KUO Y M, MUNOZ-CARPENA R. Simplified modeling of phosphorus removal by vegetative filter strips to control runoff pollution from phosphate mining areas[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2009, 378(3/4): 343-354. [11] GUMIERE S J, LE BISSONNAIS Y, RACLOT D, et al. Vegetated filter effects on sedimentological connectivity of agricultural catchments in erosion modeling: A review[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2011, 36: 3-19. doi: 10.1002/esp.2042 [12] LIN Y F, LIN C Y, CHOU W C, et al. Modeling of riparian vegetated buffer strip width and placement: A case study in Shei Pa National Park, Taiwan[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2004, 23: 327-339. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.006 [13] GENEA S M, HOEKSTRAB P F, HANNAMC C, et al. The role of vegetated buffers in agriculture and their regulation across Canada and the United States[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 243: 12-21. [14] 袁鹏, 刘瑞霞, 俞洁, 等. “浙江省河流缓冲带划定与生态修复技术指南(试行)”解读[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2021, 11(1): 1-5. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210003 [15] DILLAHA T A, RENEAN R B, MOATAHIMI S, et al. Vegetative filter strips for agricultural non-point source pollution control[J]. Transactions of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1989, 32: 513-519. doi: 10.13031/2013.31033 [16] PHILLIPS J D. An evaluation of the factors determining the effectiveness of water quality buffer zones[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1989, 107: 133-145. doi: 10.1016/0022-1694(89)90054-1 [17] MUSCUTT A D, HARRIS C L, BAILEY S W, et al. Buffer zones to improve water quality: A review of their potential use in UK agriculture[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1993, 45: 59-77. doi: 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90059-X [18] USDA. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Buffer Strips: Common Sense Conservation[R]. Washington, D C: USDA, 1998. [19] 邓红兵. 河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(16): 951-954. [20] 岳隽, 王仰麟. 国内外河岸带研究的进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(5): 33-40. [21] 郭怀成, 黄凯, 刘永, 等. 河岸带生态系统管理研究概念框架及其关键问题[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(4): 789-798. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2007.04.016 [22] 郭二辉, 孙然好, 陈利顶. 河岸植被缓冲带主要生态服务功能研究的现状与展望[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(8): 1830-1837. [23] NANUS L, WILLIAMS M W, CAMPBELL D H, et al. Evaluating regional patterns in nitrate sources to watersheds in national parks of the Rocky Mountains using nitrate isotopes[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42: 6487-6493. [24] DRISCOLL C T, LAWRENCE G B, BULGER A J, et al. Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: Sources and inputs, ecosystem effects and management strategies[J]. BioScience, 2001, 51(3): 180-198. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:ADITNU]2.0.CO;2 [25] 余晓燕, 齐实, 李林英, 等. 美国的生物缓冲带[J]. 水土保持应用技术, 2007(6): 20-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5366.2007.06.009 [26] SAHU M, GU R. Modeling the effects of riparian buffer zone and contour strips on stream water quality[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35: 1167-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.015 [27] USDA. Natural Resources Conservation Service[R]. Nebraska: USDA. Inside Agroforestr. , 2001. [28] CLEUGH H. Effects of windbreaks on airflow, microclimates, and crop yields[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 1998, 41: 55-84. doi: 10.1023/A:1006019805109 [29] USDA. Natural Resouces Conservation Service, Conservation Practice Standard-Vegetative Barriers - Code 601[R]. Washington, D C: USDA, 2010. [30] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Field manual on buffer design in the Canadian Prairies[R]. Ottawa-Ontario: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2010. [31] USDA. Natural Resouces Conservation Service Conservation Practice Standard-Riparian Herbaceous Cover - Code 390[R]. Washington, D C: USDA, 2015. [32] USDA. Natural Resources Conservation Service New York-Riparian Herbaceous Cover[R]. New York: United States Department of Agriculture, 2018. [33] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Eco-buffers: An alternative agroforestry design[R]. Ottawa-Ontario: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2012. [34] DUCHEMIN M, HOGUE R. Reduction in agricultural non-point source pollution in the first year following establishment of an integrated grass/tree filter strip system in southern Quebec (Canada)[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2009, 131: 85-97. [35] KOVACIC D, DAVID M, GENTRY L, et al. Effectiveness of constructed wetlands in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus export from agricultural tile drainage[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000, 29: 1262-1274. [36] RICKERL D H, JANSSEN L L, WOODLAND R. Buffer wet lands in agricultural landscapes in the prairie pothole region: Environmental, agronomic, and economic evaluations[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 55(2): 220-226. [37] HAMMER D, KNIGHT R L. Designing constructed wetland for nitrogen removal[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1994, 29(4): 15-27. doi: 10.2166/wst.1994.0148 [38] WOHEMADE C J. Ability of restored wetlands to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in agricultural drdinage water[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 55(3): 303-309. [39] VAN DER VALK A G, JOLLY R W, Recommendations for research to develop guidelines for the use of wetland to control rural non-point source pollution[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1992, 1(1/2): 115-134. [40] CHESCHEIR G M, SKAGGS R W, GILLIAM J W. Evaluation of wetland buffer areas for treatment of pumped agricultural drainage[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1992, 35(1): 175-182. doi: 10.13031/2013.28585 [41] 戈鑫, 杨云安, 管运涛, 等. 植草沟对苏南地区面源污染控制的案例研究[J]. 中国给水排水, 2018, 34(19): 134-138. [42] 郭凤. 植草沟在道路地表径流传输入渗过程中的模拟研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2014. [43] 段进凯, 李田, 张佳炜. 强化浅基质层干植草沟对道路径流的脱氮效果[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(6): 225-231. [44] 张佳炜, 李田, 张庭秀. 浅基质层干植草沟运行效果的现场实验[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(9): 4105-4112. [45] 赵金辉, 陆毅, 赵晓莉, 等. 植草沟-湿地滞留塘控制农业径流污染效能[J], 环境科学与技术. 2014, 37(10): 117-120. [46] 李斌, 刘东, 刘瑞霞, 等. 南方城市黑臭水体综合治理: 以南宁市竹排江e段(那考河)为例[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2020, 10(5): 702-710. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200107 [47] 王凡, 潘钧, 刘丹妮, 等. 贵阳市七彩湖黑臭水体治理案例分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2020, 10(5): 726-732. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200108 [48] PROSSER R S, HOEKSTRA P F, GENE S, et al. A review of the effectiveness of vegetated buffers to mitigate pesticide and nutrient transport into surface waters from agricultural areas[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020, 261(110210): 1-13. [49] YUAN Y, DABNEY S M, BINGNER R L. Cost effectiveness of agricultural BMPs for sediment reduction in the Mississippi Delta[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 57(5): 259-267. [50] WHITE M J, ARNOLD J G. Development of a simplistic vegetative filter strip model for sediment and nutrient retention at the field scale[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2009, 23(11): 1602-1616. doi: 10.1002/hyp.7291 [51] GILLIAM J W. Riparian wetlands and water quality[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994, 23(5): 896-900. [52] 肖波, 萨仁娜, 陶梅, 等. 草本植被过滤带对径流中泥沙和除草剂的去除效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(12): 136-144. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.12.018 [53] LEE K H, ISENHART T M, SCHULTZ R C. Sediment and nutrient removal in an established multi-species riparian buffer[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 58(1): 1-8. [54] MOSET V, HILLE S, RUBK G H. Indicators of biomass and methane yields in vegetated buffer strips[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 210: 907-915. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.337 [55] LAMBRECHTS T, FRANCOIS S, LUTTS S, et al. Impact of plant growth and morphology and of sediment concentration on sediment retention efficiency of vegetative filter strips: Flume experiments and VFSMOD modeling[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 511: 800-810. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.030 [56] HEFTING M M, CLEMENT J C, BIENKOWSKI P, et al. The role of vegetation and litter in the nitrogen dynamics of riparian buffer zones in Europe[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2005, 24(5): 465-482. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.003 [57] PETERJOHN W T, CORRELL D L. Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: Observations on the role of a riparian forest[J]. Ecology, 1984, 65(5): 1466-1475. doi: 10.2307/1939127 [58] 高军, 尤迎华, 谈晓珊, 等. 植被过滤带阻控径流污染的机制及研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2019, 42(9): 91-97. [59] SMITH C M. Riparian pasture retirement effects on sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen in channellised surface run-off from pastures[J]. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1989, 23(1): 139-146. doi: 10.1080/00288330.1989.9516349 [60] DORIOZ J M, WANG D, POULENARD J, et al. The effects of grass buffer strips on phosphorus dynamics: A critical review and synthesis as a basis for application in agricultural landscapes in France[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006, 117(1): 4-21. [61] HENDERSON K L, BELDEN J B, COATS J R. Fate of atrazine in a grass phytoremediation system[J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2007, 26(9): 1836-1842. [62] ALBRIGHT I V, MURPHY I J, ANDERSON J A, et al. Fate of atrazine in switchgrass-soil column system[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 90(6): 1847-1853. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.097 [63] 陈仲颐, 周景星, 王洪瑾. 土地力学[J]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1994: 9. [64] BLANCHE S B, SHAW D R, MASSEY J H, et al. Fluometuron adsorption to vegetative filter strip components[J]. Weed Science, 2003, 51(1): 125-129. doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0125:FATVFS]2.0.CO;2 [65] AJR R, SHAW D R, KINGERY W L. Comparison of fluometuron sorption to soil from a filter strip and cropped field[J]. Weed Science, 2002, 50(6): 820-823. doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0820:COFSTS]2.0.CO;2 [66] NAEHER S, HUGUET A, ROOSE-AMSALEG C L, et al. Molecular and geochemical constraints on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a riparian zone of the Seine Estuary (France)[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2015, 123: 237-250. doi: 10.1007/s10533-014-0066-z [67] WANG S, WANG W, ZHAO S, et al. Anammox and denitrification separately dominate microbial N-loss in water saturated and unsaturated soils horizons of riparian zones[J]. Water Research, 2019, 162: 139-150. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.052 [68] QIN Y B, CHEN Z H, DING B J, et al. Impact of sand mining on the carbon sequestration and nitrogen removal ability of soil in the riparian area of Lijiang River, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 261: 114220. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114220 [69] 汪小勇, 张超兰, 姜文. 被农药污染的土壤植物修复研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(7): 382-384. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2005.07.112 [70] DAEBELER A, BODELIER P L E, HEFTING M M, et al. Soil warming and fertilization altered rates of nitrogen transformation processes and selected for adapted ammonia-oxidizing archaea in sub-arctic grassland soil[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2017, 107: 114-124. [71] HU R, WANG X P, XU J S, et al. The mechanism of soil nitrogen transformation under different biocrusts to warming and reduced precipitation: From microbial functional genes to enzyme activity[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 722: 137849. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137849 [72] LEE K, ISENHART T, SCHULTZ R, et al. Multispecies riparian buffers trap sediment and nutrients during rainfall simulation[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000, 29: 1200-1205. [73] DOSSKEY M G, HELMERS M J, EISENHAUER D E. A design aid for determining width of filter strips[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 63(4): 232-241. doi: 10.2489/jswc.63.4.232 [74] LOBO G P, BONILLA C A. A modeling approach to determining the relationship between vegetative filter strip design and sediment composition[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2017, 237: 45-54. [75] ASMUSSEN L, WHITE A, HAUSER E, et al. Reduction of 2, 4-D load in surface runoff down a grassed waterway[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1977, 6: 159-162. [76] LIND L, HASSELQUIST M E, LAUDON H. Towards ecologically functional riparian zones: A meta-analysis to develop guidelines for protecting ecosystem functions and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 249: 109391. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391 [77] HAWES E, SMITH M. Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Recommended Widths[R]. America: Eightmile River Wild and Scenic Study Committee, 2005. [78] 万成炎, 马沛明, 常剑波, 等. 三峡水库生态防护带建设的初步探讨[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2009, 26(1): 9-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2009.01.003 [79] 王秋光, 李永峰, 李春华, 等. 草林复合植被缓冲带结构功能及净化机理研究综述[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013(6): 39-42. [80] SYVERSEN N. Effect and design of buffer zones in the Nordic climate: The influence of width, amount of surface runoff, seasonal variation and vegetation type on retention efficiency for nutrient and particle runoff[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2005, 24(5): 483-490. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.01.016 [81] 孙金伟, 许文盛. 河岸植被缓冲带生态功能及其过滤机理的研究进展[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2017, 34(3): 40-44. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20160706 [82] 黄沈发, 唐浩, 鄢忠纯, 等. 3种草皮缓冲带对农田径流污染物的净化效果及其最佳宽度研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2009, 31(6): 53-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2009.06.016 [83] DOSSKEY M G, HELMERS M J, EISENHAUER D E. Assessment of concentrated flow through riparian buffers[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 57(6): 336-343. [84] YOUNG E O, BRIGGS R D. Shallow ground water nitrate-N and ammonium-N in cropland and riparian buffers[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 109(3/4): 297-309. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.026 [85] MUNOZ-CARPENA R, PARSONS J E, GILLIAM J W. Modeling hydrology and sediment transport in vegetative filter strips[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1999, 214: 111-129. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00272-8 [86] LOWRANCE R, ALTIER L S, WILLIAMS R G, et al. REMM: The riparian ecosystem management model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 55(1): 27-34. [87] WILLIAMS R D, NIEKS A D. Using CREAMS to simulate filter strip effectiveness in erosion control[J]. Joumal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1988, 43: 108-112. [88] PHILLIPS J D. Evaluation of north Carolina’s estuarine shoreline area of environment concern from a water quality perspective[J]. Coastal Management, 1989, 17(2): 103-117. doi: 10.1080/08920758909362079 [89] MANDER U, KUUSEMETS V, LOHMUS K, et al. Efficiency and dimensioning of riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1997, 8(4): 299-324. doi: 10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00025-6 [90] NIESWAND G H, HORDON R M, SHELTON T B, et al. Buffer strips to protect water supply reservoirs: A model and recommendations[J]. Water Resources Bulletin, 1990, 26(6): 959-966. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01430.x [91] CHANG C L, HSU T H, WANG Y J, et al. Planning for implementation of riparian buffers in the Feitsui reservoir watershed[J]. Water Resources Management, 2010, 24: 2339-2352. doi: 10.1007/s11269-009-9554-7 [92] XIANG W. GIS-based riparian buffer analysis: injecting geographic information into landscape planning[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1996, 34(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1016/0169-2046(95)00206-5 [93] 廖先容, 扈幸伟, 邬龙. 城市河流滨岸缓冲带生态修复模式研究[J]. 水利水电技术, 2017, 48(10): 109-112. [94] 陶梅, 萨仁娜. 植被过滤带防治农业面源污染研究进展[J]. 山西农业科学, 2012, 40(1): 91-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2012.01.27