-
煤炭、建材、水泥、电力等行业可排放大量的粉尘颗粒物,对人们的健康与生活环境造成巨大风险,因此,粉尘颗粒物的收集具有重要的现实意义[1]。滤筒除尘器以其除尘效率高、过滤面积大、阻力小、价格低、占地面积小等优点而被广泛运用于除尘领域[2]。除尘器的技术关键在于滤筒清灰,清灰的好坏直接影响着除尘器的长期稳定运行[3-4]。目前,应用最广泛的清灰技术是脉冲喷吹[5]。但是,传统的脉冲喷吹容易造成滤筒上部压力小而清灰失效,及底部压力过大而滤料破损[6-7]。
国内外学者针对脉冲喷吹压力、喷吹时间、喷吹高度和喷吹管直径等众多因素对滤筒脉冲清灰进行了研究[8-13]。在滤筒结构优化方面,LI等[14]在滤筒内部安装圆锥体,通过实验证明了其有利于增加滤筒侧壁压力且清灰均匀性得到改善。杨燕霞等[2]通过对金锥滤筒(滤筒内设置锥形过滤面)脉冲清灰性能的研究,揭示了金锥对脉冲清灰性能的影响机制。张亚蕊等[15]通过对内置锥形体滤筒的数值模拟,将普通滤筒和内置锥形体滤筒的速度云图、压力云图进行对比,得出了内置锥形滤筒的清灰效果会有明显改善的结论。QIU等[16]通过建立褶式金锥滤筒的数值模型,探究了内锥高度对脉喷性能的影响,结果表明,随着内锥高度的增加,滤筒脉喷的均匀性得到改善。
在脉冲喷嘴改进方面,胡峰源等[17]利用数值模拟方法对比了传统喷嘴和拉瓦尔型喷嘴的清灰性能,结果表明,拉瓦尔型喷嘴的平均侧壁压力峰值增大了53.2%。胥海伦等[18]利用数值模拟对比了不同开口形式的散射器的流场分布,结果表明,随着散射器开口增大,气流诱导量也会随之增大(开口散射器上部直径为30 mm时,诱导气流量是无散射器的8.5倍)。刘东等[19]利用实验对比了不同锥度上部开口散射器的清灰性能,结果表明,在一定范围内,锥度的增大能有效增大滤筒清灰强度。虽然单独对滤筒或喷嘴结构的研究都已完善,但对喷嘴和滤筒共同优化的研究鲜有报道。
本研究将普通喷嘴、文丘里喷嘴分别与普通滤筒、金锥滤筒组合,通过数值模拟,研究了4种条件下喷吹压力的时空分布,分析了滤筒内壁测点压力的变化规律,考察了喷吹高度对清灰性能的影响,以期对滤筒除尘器的优化设计提供参考。
文丘里喷嘴改进金锥滤筒脉喷清灰性能的数值模拟
Numerical simulation of the performance of pulse jet dust cleaning of venturi nozzle improved golden cone filter
-
摘要: 针对除尘滤筒脉冲反吹清灰均匀性差、强度不足的缺点,构建了脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器CFD数值模型,考察了文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合条件下的清灰性能。结果表明,无论是文丘里喷嘴还是金锥滤筒的使用或二者组合使用,滤筒内喷吹压力均为底部大而上部小;文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒可单独或组合式优化喷吹性能;在喷吹高度为150~550 mm时,喷吹强度和均匀性整体上随喷吹高度的增大而逐渐增强,当喷吹高度为350 mm时,文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合使用的优化效果最佳,喷吹强度和均匀性分别提高了1.72和1.96倍。本研究结果可为脉喷清灰滤筒除尘器的优化提供参考。Abstract: The pulse injection of the traditional dust collector has the disadvantages of poor uniformity and insufficient strength. In this study, a CFD model of the pulse-jet filter cartridge was constructed. The dust removal performance under the combined conditions of venturi nozzle and golden cone filter cartridge was investigated. The result showed that, for venturi nozzle, golden cone filter cartridge or their combination, the pressure in the filter cartridge was large at the bottom and small at the top. Venturi nozzle, golden cone filter could or their combination could optimize the injection performance. When the blowing distance was 150~550 mm, both the pulse-jet intensity and uniformity totally increased with the blowing distance. When the blowing distance was 350 mm, the best pulse-jet performance occurred with the combination of venturi nozzle and golden cone filter cartridge, the pulse-jet intensity and uniformity increased by 1.72 and 1.96 times, respectively. The research can provide a reference for the optimization of the pulse-jet dust collector.
-
Key words:
- dust collector /
- pulse-jet /
- dust removal performance /
- venturi nozzle /
- gold cone filter /
- numerical simulation
-
-
[1] 张殿印, 王纯. 脉冲袋式除尘器手册[J]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2011: 2-3. [2] 杨燕霞, 张明星, 秦文茜, 等. 脉冲喷吹内置锥形滤筒的清灰性能[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2019, 25(1): 76-80. [3] ROTHWELL E. Design and operating characteristics of reverse-jet assemblies for pulse-jet dust collectors[J]. Filtration & Separation, 1988, 25(4): 257-262. [4] LI Q Q, ZHANG M X, QIAN Y L, et al. The relationship between peak pressure and residual dust of a pulse-jet cartridge filter[J]. Powder Technology, 2015, 283: 302-307. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.05.038 [5] 胥海伦, 李岚溪, 沈玉妹, 等. 上部开孔锥形散射器对滤筒脉冲清灰效果的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(10): 5549-5553. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201612095 [6] 张一帜, 陈海焱, 覃金珠. 滤筒除尘器及应用现状[J]. 能源与环境, 2009(5): 47-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9064.2009.05.021 [7] 杨军瑞, 胥海伦, 陈海焱. 脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器在低尘环境中应用的可行性分析[J]. 能源环境保护, 2010, 24(2): 6-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8759.2010.02.002 [8] 瞿晓燕, 沈恒根. 袋式除尘器清灰气源设计与脉冲阀性能探讨[J]. 环境工程, 2008, 26(2): 23-26. [9] TSAI C J, LU H C. Numerical and experimental study of cleaning process in pulse-jet fabric filtration systems[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 1996, 30(11): 3243-3249. [10] 林莉君, 陈海焱, 周喜, 等. 脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器清灰性能的实验研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2009, 39(4): 148-151. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-8501.2009.04.036 [11] 蒋存刚, 李纪锦, 李勇, 等. 影响脉冲袋式除尘器清灰效果的因素探讨[J]. 橡胶工业, 2007, 54(1): 49-51. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-890X.2007.01.011 [12] 姜洋, 谭志洪, 刘丽冰, 等. 响应面法优化袋式除尘器脉冲清灰性能[J]. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8(7): 2969-2974. [13] 杨迪, 陈海焱, 李怀玉. 喷吹压力和脉冲宽度对脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器清灰效果的影响[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2008, 8(5): 73-76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2008.05.020 [14] LI J L, LI S H, ZHOU F B. Effect of cone installation in a pleated filter cartridge during pulse-jet cleaning[J]. Powder Technology, 2015, 284: 245-252. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.071 [15] 张亚蕊, 韩云龙, 钱付平, 等. 新型滤筒除尘器性能的数值模拟[J]. 过程工程学报, 2016, 16(1): 48-54. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.215314 [16] QIU J, WU D S, CHEN D R, et al. Reverse pulsed-flow cleaning of pleated filter cartridges having an inner pleated filter cone[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 146: 481-489. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.11.025 [17] 胡峰源, 谭志洪, 熊桂龙, 等. 用于袋式除尘器的拉瓦尔型喷嘴脉冲清灰性能分析[J]. 环境工程, 2019, 37(6): 117-122. [18] 胥海伦, 周苗苗, 张情, 等. 开口散射器对滤筒除尘脉冲清灰效果的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2017, 11(8): 4647-4652. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201611187 [19] 刘东, 余洪浪, 王令, 等. 上部开口散射器提高脉冲喷吹清灰性能实验[J]. 环境工程, 2019, 37(8): 138-142. [20] 周奇杰, 陈海焱, 张明星, 等. 脉冲阀喷吹量对滤筒除尘器清灰性能的影响[J]. 暖通空调, 2011, 41(6): 100-105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-8501.2011.06.025 [21] LI J L, WANG P, WU D S, et al. Numerical study of opposing pulsed-jet cleaning for pleated filter cartridges[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 234: 116086. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116086 [22] 颜翠平, 张明星, 吕娟, 等. 脉冲喷吹大风量滤筒除尘器的清灰变化过程研究[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(2): 829-834. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.20160250 [23] WU Q, LI J, WU D, et al. Effects of overall length and od on opposing pulse-jet cleaning for pleated filter cartridges[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2020, 20: 432-443.