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水体中藻类的过度生长会严重影响水质和景观环境,已成为我国重要的生态环境问题之一。目前,主要采用投加异噻唑啉酮、硫酸铜等化学药剂来杀灭藻类,或是使用混凝-沉淀法除藻[1-2],但这些方法在应用中存在化学物质残留、影响水质等问题。因此,寻求新型的控藻抑藻方法迫在眉睫。
电催化氧化技术是一种绿色的、在水处理领域应用较多的高级氧化技术[3-4]。它包括二维电氧化、三维电氧化、电芬顿技术等。传统的二维电极比表面积小、电流效率低,尤其在水体电导率低时,电极处理效果会大大降低。近年来,在二维电催化氧化系统的基础上,在阴阳电极之间加入粒子电极,形成三维的电化学体系,从而增加电极有效面积,加强传质效果,提高氧化效率[5-6]。在三维电催化氧化技术中,粒子电极的选择与制备是影响电催化氧化效率的关键因素[7]。催化活性较高的金属单质及金属氧化物具有粒子电极的天然优势。钢渣是钢铁产业产生的固体废弃物,主要由钙、铁、镁、铝、锰、硅、磷等元素的氧化物组成[8]。钢渣里不仅有大量金属氧化物,而且具有比表面积较大[9]、机械强度高等特点。现已有利用钢渣制备粒子电极在三维电化学氧化反应器中处理有机物的研究报道[10-12],如:可以在2 h内去除油田污水中85%的TOC[10];在曝气条件下,60 min内对罗丹明B(RhB)的降解率达到82.40%[11];若使用载锰钢渣粒子电极,则可完全降解罗丹明B[12]。目前,使用钢渣制备粒子电极进行电催化氧化除藻的研究尚不充分,对于藻类在三维电催化氧化处理后的生理特性变化更是鲜有报道。
本研究利用钢渣粉、蒙脱石粉和锯末为原料,通过高温煅烧法制备粒子电极。采用构建出的三维电催化氧化系统进行除藻研究,通过优化粒子电极的制备条件,提高三维电催化氧化除藻性能,并对除藻机理进行了探索。
钢渣粒子电极的制备及其在三维电催化氧化除藻中的应用
Preparation of steel slag particle electrodes and its application in three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation for algae removal
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摘要: 为进一步提升电催化氧化除藻效果,制备出钢渣粒子电极,构建了三维电催化氧化系统并用以处理普通小球藻藻液,进而对除藻机理进行了探索。利用钢渣、蒙脱石和锯末在高温煅烧条件下制备钢渣粒子电极,通过制备条件的优化,获得了具有良好除藻性能的钢渣粒子电极。考察普通小球藻经过三维电催化氧化后,藻细胞密度、SOD、光合活性和叶绿素a的变化特征。结果表明:钢渣、蒙脱石、锯末的配比为60%∶28%∶12%,在800 ℃煅烧60 min制备出的钢渣粒子电极在三维电催化氧化系统8 V、60 min条件下,对初始浓度为4×109~6×109 cells·L−1小球藻的去除率为97.10%;处理1 m3藻液的耗电量为3.78 kWh;经过10 min三维电催化氧化处理的藻细胞,其SOD活性会出现短暂升高,藻细胞的光合活性减弱、叶绿素a浓度下降,藻细胞的光合系统的抑制效应可维持较长时间。综合上述结果,应用钢渣粒子的三维电催化氧化系统能够高效除藻,并可长久抑制藻细胞的光合活性。
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关键词:
- 钢渣粒子电极 /
- 三维电催化氧化 /
- 除藻 /
- 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) /
- 光合活性
Abstract: In order to further improve the algae removal effect of electrocatalytic oxidation, steel slag particle electrode was prepared, and a three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system was constructed to treat Chlorella vulgaris, furthermore, the algae removal mechanism was studied. Steel slag particle electrode was prepared by calcining steel slag, montmorillonite and sawdust at high temperature, and the electrode with good algal removal performance was obtained by optimizing the preparation conditions. The variations of cell density, SOD, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll a of Chlorella vulgaris after three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation were studied. The results showed that the removal rate was 97.1% for Chlorella vulgaris with initial concentration of 4×109~6×109 cells·L−1 under the conditions of 8 V and 60 min by the three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system using the particle electrode which was prepared with steel slag, montmorillonite and sawdust mass ratio of 60%∶28%∶12% at calcining temperature of 800 ℃ and 60 min. The power consumption was 3.78 kWh per 1 m3 of algae suspension. After 10 min three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation treatment of algal cells, their SOD activity temporarily increased, the photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll-a concentration decreased, and the inhibitory effect of photosynthetic system of algal cells could be maintained for a long time. Based on above results, the three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation system with steel slag particles can efficiently remove algae and inhibit the photosynthetic activity of algal cells for a long time. -
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