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细微粉尘是指空气动力学直径小于5 μm的颗粒物,包括细颗粒物(PM2.5)和亚微米粉尘[1]。细微粉尘能够直接进入人体肺泡,易使井下作业人员患上尘肺、硅肺等职业病,对人体危害巨大[2]。传统的除尘技术难以有效去除细微粉尘,电凝并技术可以使细微粉尘颗粒荷电、凝聚增大,然后通过收尘装置进行除尘[3]。因此,对细微粉尘电凝并效率影响因素展开实验研究并找出凝并效果最优的实验参数,提高细微粉尘电凝并效率,以进一步减小粉尘对人体的危害具有重要的现实意义。
凝并技术主要包括声凝并[4]、磁凝并[5]、湍流凝并[6]、化学凝并[7]、电凝并[8]和光凝并[9]等。电凝并是指通过外加电场增强细微颗粒的荷电能力,荷电后的细微颗粒在凝并区通过惯性碰撞、空间电荷力、离子风等作用力不断凝并变大的过程。向晓东等[10]研究发现,电凝并除尘装置主要用于收集细微粉尘,且双区式电凝并除尘装置的结构与性能优于三区式电凝并除尘装置。白敏菂等[11]通过将预荷电装置安装于模拟烟道中,发现离子浓度比除尘电场中高约1个数量级,粒子粒径增大了21%左右,带电粒子凝并作用增强。陈旺生等[12]设计了一种静电凝并除尘装置并对其性能进行研究,结果表明,该除尘装置对细微颗粒物的凝并效果较好,除尘效率明显高于普通除尘器。KILDES等[13]通过改变交变电场中预荷电粉尘的荷电极性,计算了异极性荷电粉尘凝并速率与粉尘荷电量、粒径及外加电压的关系。CHANG等[14]设计了一种在放电区有穿孔板的双极性预充器,以研究离子风辅助电荷诱导的凝聚收集作用。与无预充器的实验结果相比,具有一定板孔率的预充器可以优化颗粒凝并,提高12%左右的粉尘收集效率。GUAN等[15]研究了电袋复合式除尘器中风速对电场内气流分布和均匀性的影响,发现速度为0.8 m·s−1时不均匀性波动最小,进而更有利于除尘。张向荣等[16]利用Fortran程序模拟测算双极电流体场中某粒径的荷电分布,发现外电场与荷电粉尘的凝并系数呈正相关,通过增大外加电场强度可以有效提高凝并速率。
电凝并影响因素主要存在于放电、荷电和凝并过程中,放电过程的影响因素主要有电源大小、电极材质、形状、放电特性等,荷电过程的影响因素主要有粉尘性质、风速等,荷电凝并过程的影响因素主要是电场设置、极配间距等[17-18]。结合实验室现有条件,选取双极芒刺预荷电装置、外加直流电压和极配间距3个主要影响因素进行实验研究,由实验得出双区式电凝并的工况参数,可为电凝并技术在工业粉尘领域的应用提供参考。
双区式电凝并技术对提高细微粉尘凝并效率的影响
Effect of two-zone electrocoagulation technology on improving the coagulation efficiency of fine dust
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摘要: 为了进一步提高电凝并装置对细微粉尘的凝并效率,降低细微粉尘对人体的危害,设计一种由双极芒刺预荷电区和平行板收尘区组成的双区芒刺式电凝并装置,通过实验探究了安装双区芒刺预荷电装置、极配间距、外加电压3个凝并参数对细微粉尘凝并效率的影响。结果表明:当外加电压≤13 kV时,细微粉尘的凝并效率随外加电压的升高而增大,而当外加电压>13 kV时,电凝并效率无明显提高;安装双极芒刺预荷电装置和缩短极配间距都可以有效提高细微粉尘凝并效率,当外加电压为13 kV时,极配间距由0.03 m缩短至0.02 m,各粒径粉尘的凝并效率均有10%以上的提高。根据实验结果可以得出,细微粉尘电凝并最优实验参数为安装双极芒刺预荷电装置、极配间距0.02 m、外加电压13 kV。以上研究结果可为电凝并技术的推广及工业应用提供参考。Abstract: In order to further improve the coagulation efficiency of fine dust by electrocoagulation device and reduce its harm to human body, a type of two-zone thorn-type electrocoagulation device consisting of bipolar burr pre-charged area and parallel plate dust collection area was developed. And the experiments were conducted to study the effects of three coagulation parameters: the installation of two-zone burr pre-charged device, the polar spacing, the applied voltage on the coagulation efficiency of fine dust. The results showed that when the applied voltage was not higher than 13 kV, the coagulation efficiency of fine dust increased with the increase of applied voltage. While the electrocoagulation efficiency didn’t increase obviously when the applied voltage exceeded 13 kV. The installation of bipolar burr pre-charge device and shortening polar spacing could effectively improve the coagulation efficiency of fine dust. When the applied voltage was 13 kV and the polar spacing was reduced from 0.03 m to 0.02 m, the coagulation efficiencies of dusts with all sizes increased by over 10%. According to the experimental results, the optimal experimental parameters for fine dust electrocoagulation were as follows: the installation of the bipolar burr pre-charge device, the polar spacing of 0.02 m, and the applied voltage of 13 kV. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of electrocoagulation technology and industrial applications.
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Key words:
- fine dust /
- electrocoagulation /
- polar spacing /
- applied voltage
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表 1 样品粉尘粒度分布结果
Table 1. Particle size distribution results of sample dust
粒径/μm 数量浓度/(个·mL−1) 占比/% 累计比例/% 0.3 750 2.40 27.66 0.5 781 2.50 31.66 1 1250 4.00 34.00 3 4375 14.0 77.66 5 937 3.00 99.97 10 9 0.03 100.00 -
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