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随着“退城进园”和“退二进三”政策的逐步落实,大批污染企业被迫改造或搬迁[1]。高污染工厂旧址土壤中遗留的有机污染物质,会造成环境污染,危害人体健康,限制城市发展。在现有各种污染土壤修复技术中,热脱附技术由于其具有修复彻底、快速高效、不引入新的污染物等优势而发展较迅速。该技术早在30年前就开始在发达国家应用,但近年来才刚刚引入国内[2]。根据对美国超级基金1 246个项目进行的统计,在发达国家,污染土壤异位修复技术占比为48%[3]。污染土壤热脱附在异位修复技术中占比82%。从2009年异位热脱附技术引入到国内以来,相关专利逐年上升,并已在“十二五”“863”计划相关课题中得到应用[4]。异位热脱附技术在我国的应用已初具规模。
土壤异位热脱附技术发展至今,主要的研发方向是修复更多的污染物类型,以及不断改进尾气处理装置,减少有害气体排放[5]。国外由于能源较为便宜,所以在节能降耗方面的研究很少,对于整个系统能耗的热平衡和高温烟气余热利用的装置研究也不够,导致能耗较高。而我国天然气价格相比国外较高,亟需研究和提出直接热脱附装备节能降耗方案[6-7]。针对该问题,本研究通过对热脱附系统热平衡进行计算,梳理了每部分设备的能耗情况,找出了能耗较大且具有余热回收利用潜力的区域,有针对性地提出了热脱附系统节能降耗方案,为直接热脱附节能降耗装置的选型提供参考。
有机污染土壤异位直接热脱附装置节能降耗方案
Energy-saving and consumption-reducing scheme for direct thermal desorption of organic contaminated soil
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摘要: 以异位直接热脱附技术的原理、适用范围、工艺流程、优缺点等为基础,建立了输入、输出能量平衡关系式并进行了热平衡计算;针对该工艺能耗过高的问题,分析了系统各部分能耗,提出了节能降耗方案。通过烟气热回用装置,将二燃室后高温烟气余热能量经循环管道输送给土壤预干燥装置,将有机污染土壤含水率降低,从而减少系统总能耗。结果表明:经过热力计算,土壤水分预干燥量越大,系统节能效果越好;烟气余热足够用于土壤预干燥减少17%左右土壤水分的要求。通过土壤预干燥装置将土壤水分从20%降低到15%,可使直接热脱附装置降低能耗20%以上。Abstract: With the implementation of the policies ‘relocation of industrial enterprises in the old city to the suburbs’ and ‘re-planning of residential land for residential use’ in our country, the possible environmental heath problems resulting from the organic pollution sites left during the relocation of high pollution chemical enterprises need to be resolved, it is urgent to carry out the contaminated soil remediation. Ex-situ direct thermal desorption is one of the main techniques for contaminated soil remediation. Based on the principles, application scope, process flow, advantages and disadvantages of the ex-situ direct thermal desorption technology, the input and output energy balance equations were established and the heat transfer balance was calculated. Aiming at the high energy consumption, the energy consumption of each part was analyzed and the energy saving plan was raised. The flue gas reusing device was used to transfer the waste heat energy from the high-temperature flue gas after the second combustion chamber to the soil pre-drying device through the circulating pipeline. The moisture content of the organic polluted soil decreased, and the total energy consumption of the system was significantly reduced. According to the thermodynamic calculation, the more moisture of the soil decreased, the more energy could be saved. Flue gas waste heat was enough to reduce soil moisture by about 17% for soil pre-drying. According to the analysis, due to the limited continuous drying capacity of soil, the reduction of soil moisture from 20% to 15% with the soil pre-drying device could reduce the energy consumption by more than 20% for the direct thermal desorption device. The feasibility, advantages and disadvantages, and application scope of the disc continuous dryer and the rotary kiln dryer as the soil pre-drying device were compared. This study provides the reference for the selection of direct thermal desorption and energy-saving devices.
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