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厌氧氨氧化是指在厌氧条件下,厌氧氨氧化菌利用
${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N将${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $ -N氧化,最终生成N2和少量${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N的过程[1-2]。与传统硝化反硝化工艺相比,厌氧氨氧化工艺不消耗有机物,污泥产率低,尤其适合于处理高氨氮、低C/N的废水[3-4],因此,其已受到了国内外广泛关注。2006年,荷兰鹿特丹污水处理厂以厌氧氨氧化工艺进行污泥压滤液的脱氮处理,反应器总氮负荷高达9.5 kg·(m3·d)−1,远高于传统脱氮工艺的去除效率[5]。目前,全球范围内已有超过100座以厌氧氨氧化工艺运行的污水处理装置[6]。尽管厌氧氨氧化工艺具有高效脱氮、运行成本低等优势,然而,由于厌氧氨氧化菌的细胞产率低[7],如何在较短时间内获得足够的厌氧氨氧化菌成为厌氧氨氧化工艺启动和运行的关键所在。微生物的增长是同化和衰减共同作用的结果,而表征微生物衰减的参数为衰减系数。因此,研究衰减系数对探讨厌氧氨氧化微生物的增殖和培养具有重要意义。目前,有关厌氧氨氧化菌衰减系数的研究大多为厌氧条件,而缺氧条件下的较少,探究不同环境下厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数,可为厌氧氨氧化工艺的广泛应用提供理论依据和技术指导。
本研究以实验室稳定运行6年的SBR中的厌氧氨氧化菌(Candidatus Brocadia)为研究对象,在温度为35 ℃且无电子供体的条件下,分别进行缺氧(
${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N、${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N)和厌氧环境的衰减培养,通过测定厌氧氨氧化污泥的基质利用速率,从而确定了不同环境下厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数。
缺氧及厌氧环境下厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数
Determination of decay coefficients of Anammox bacteria under anoxic and anaerobic conditions
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摘要: 衰减系数是表征微生物增长的重要动力学参数,与所处环境密切相关。采用基质利用速率测定方法,以厌氧氨氧化工艺中最常见的厌氧氨氧化菌(Candidatus Brocadia)为对象,探讨了其在缺氧(
${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N、${\rm{NO}}_3^ -$ -N)及厌氧环境下的衰减系数。结果表明:基质利用速率测定方法可有效避免由于其他细菌的衰减而引起的实验误差;缺氧(${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N、${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N)及厌氧环境下厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数依次为0.035 2 d−1、0.025 7 d−1和0.051 2 d−1,相比于其他自养菌,厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数较小。在进行污泥保存时,维持${\rm{NO}}_3^ -$ -N的缺氧环境有利于厌氧氨氧化菌活性和数量的保存。Abstract: As an important parameter to characterize the growth of microorganism, decay coefficient is closely related to the environment conditions. In this study, the decay coefficient of the most common anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia) was analyzed by substrate utilization rate determination method under anoxic (${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N,${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N) and anaerobic conditions. The results showed that substrate utilization rate determination method could effectively avoid the experimental errors caused by the decay of other bacteria. The decay coefficients of anammox bacteria under anoxic (${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N,${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N) and anaerobic conditions were 0.035 2, 0.025 7 and 0.051 2 d−1, respectively. Compared with other autotrophic bacteria, it was observed that decay coefficient of anammox bacteria was smaller. An anoxic condition of${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $ -N was favorable to the preservation of activity and quantity of anammox bacteria during sludge storage.-
Key words:
- anammox /
- decay coefficient /
- anoxic condition /
- anaerobic condition
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表 1 荧光原位杂交检测细菌所用探针
Table 1. FISH probes of bacteria detection
探针名称 RNA序列(5'~3') 标记细菌种群 Eub338 GCT GCC TCC CGT AGG AGT 总菌 Eub338Ⅱ GCA GCC ACC CGT AGG TGT 总菌 Eub338Ⅲ GCT GCC ACC CGT AGG TGT 总菌 Amx368 CCT TTC GGG CAT TGC GAA 所有厌氧氨氧化菌 表 2 不同条件下厌氧氨氧化菌的衰减系数
Table 2. Decay coefficients of anammox bacteria under different environment conditions
表 3 异养菌和硝化菌在不同温度下的衰减系数
Table 3. Decay coefficients of heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria under different temperatures
菌种 温度/℃ 衰减系数/d−1 异养菌 10 0.20 20 0.40 硝化菌 10 0.05 20 0.15 -
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