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旋风除尘器作为常用的工业除尘设备,具有结构简单、无运动部件、性能稳定等特点,被广泛应用于工业除尘、选粉等领域[1-3]。传统旋风除尘器对比重和粒径较大的固体颗粒分离效率较高,但对细小的颗粒分离效率较低,使其应用受到了很大程度的限制。因旋风除尘器的分离效率低,给后续设备的运行增加了负荷[4]。
针对上述问题,国内外很多专家进行了改进研究。孙国刚等[5]、董瑞倩等[6]提出了一种新型旋风除尘器,在PV型旋风除尘器的基础上对排气管、筒体等结构进行改进,对结构强度以及分离性能有所提高。IRFAN等[7]设计了一种分离空间由外圆柱体和涡旋板组成的除尘器,其分离性能优于常规性除尘器。陆元宝等[8]、吴晓明等[9]、杨景轩等[10]、孟文等[11]考察了排气管插入深度、直径和形状对除尘器除尘效率的影响。YUKI等[12]通过在旋风除尘器排气管上加装锥形环的方法,使得旋风除尘器更容易获得最大效率和最小压降。HSIAO等[13]采用实验的方法对旋风除尘器的几个结构进行了系统的研究,通过改变出口直径和入口形式,在一定程度上提高了其分离效率,但对于细颗粒的分离效率并不理想,对于旋风除尘器的分离效率仍需要进一步提高。
本研究针对传统旋风除尘器分离效率低的问题,提出了一种球柱形旋风除尘器;通过数值模拟和实验研究,分析了其流场特性和分离性能。
球柱形旋风除尘器分离性能数值模拟与实验
Numerical simulation and experimental research on separation performance of spherical column cyclone separator
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摘要: 针对传统柱锥形旋风除尘器存在细颗粒分离效率低的问题,提出了一种新型球柱形旋风除尘器。采用数值模拟和实验研究手段,分析了柱段高度对球柱形旋风除尘器分离特性的影响。模拟结果表明:当球柱形旋风除尘器柱段高度不为零时,随着柱段高度的增加,静压力逐渐变小;球柱形旋风除尘器内流体的切向速度均呈“M”型分布;流体轴向速度随着半径的减小,其绝对值先增大后减小,在中心轴线处又开始增大;流体径向速度均关于中心轴线对称。实验结果表明,当球柱形旋风除尘器柱段高度为150 mm时,总分离效率最高,可达到92.01%。研究结果可为旋风除尘器中细小颗粒分离应用提供指导,对提高5 μm以下颗粒分离效率具有重要意义。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low separation efficiency for fine particles when using traditional cyclone separator, this study proposed a new type of spherical column cyclone separator. The influence of column height on the separation characteristics of spherical column cyclone separator was studied by numerical simulation and experimental test. The simulated results show that the static pressure decreased with the increase of the column height that was not equal to zero. The tangential velocity of the fluid in this separator presented a characteristic of " M” type distribution. The axial velocity of the fluid firstly increased and then decreased with the decrease of radius, and it increased again near the central aixs. The radial velocity of the fluid is symmetric about the central axis. Further experimental test results show that, considering the combined effects of pressure drop and separation efficiency, the separation efficiency reached the highest value of 92.01% at the column height of 150 mm in spherical column cyclone separator. The research results can provide guidance for application of tiny particle separation in cyclone separator and have important significance for improving particle separation efficiency below 5 μm.
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表 1 石英砂粒度分布
Table 1. Distribution of SiO2 particle size
粒径/μm 区间含量/% 累积含量/% 粒径/μm 区间含量/% 累积含量/% 0.050~5.050 29.87 29.87 50.05~55.05 2.08 93.03 5.050~10.05 16.38 46.25 55.05~60.05 1.63 94.66 10.05~15.05 7.99 54.24 60.05~65.05 1.33 95.99 15.05~20.05 10.33 64.57 65.05~70.05 1.09 97.08 20.05~25.05 7.48 72.05 70.05~75.05 0.87 97.95 25.05~30.05 5.24 77.29 75.05~80.05 0.59 98.54 30.05~35.05 4.38 81.67 80.05~85.05 0.51 99.05 35.05~40.05 3.75 85.42 85.05~90.05 0.3 99.35 40.05~45.05 3.03 88.45 90.05~95.05 0.26 99.61 45.05~50.05 2.5 90.95 95.05~100.05 0.13 99.74 表 2 不同粒径的颗粒分离效率
Table 2. Separation efficiency of particle with different size
柱段
高度/mm颗粒
粒径/µm总颗粒
数量/个捕集
数量/个分离
效率/%0 1 48 3 6.25 5 48 48 100 100 1 48 6 12.5 5 48 48 100 150 1 48 7 14.6 5 48 48 100 200 1 48 8 16.7 5 48 48 100 300 1 48 9 18.8 5 48 48 100 -
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