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1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
Table 1 Metal percentage in waste printed circuit boards
Table 1 Metal percentage in waste printed circuit boards
% | |||||||||||
参数 | Cu | Zn | Pb | Al | Fe | Sn | Ni | Mg | Mn | Ag | Sb |
含量 | 24.97 | 3.52 | 2.60 | 2.32 | 1.89 | 1.03 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.016 | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Table 2 Composition of pickling wastewater
Table 2 Composition of pickling wastewater
g·L-1 | ||||||
参数 | 铁 | 锌 | 铝 | 铅 | 铜 | 氯 |
含量 | 189.50 | 3.79 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 252.59 |
注:表中未列出的成分含量太低,未检测到。 |
1.2 方法
1.2.1 嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的驯化实验
1.2.2 化学浸出条件的响应面优化
Table 3 Factors, levels and codes chosen for RSM
Table 3 Factors, levels and codes chosen for RSM
因素 | 水平 | ||
-1 | 0 | +1 | |
(A)转速/(r·min-1) | 200 | 400 | 600 |
(B)温度/℃ | 25 | 35 | 45 |
(C)投加量/(g·L-1) | 20 | 60 | 100 |
(D)颗粒尺寸/mm | 0.45 | 1.23 | 2.00 |
Table 4 Experimental results of RSM
Table 4 Experimental results of RSM
编号 | A | B | C | D | 铜浸出率/% |
1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 13.07 |
2 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 83.75 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.37 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 15.12 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3.98 |
6 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 100 |
7 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 100 |
8 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 39.92 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.37 |
10 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 10.21 |
11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 38.63 |
12 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3.57 |
13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 37.74 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.37 |
15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.48 |
16 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1.98 |
17 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 43.74 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.37 |
19 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 100 |
20 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1.54 |
21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9.68 |
22 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1.95 |
23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2.61 |
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.53 |
25 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 97.33 |
26 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2.74 |
27 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 100 |
28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 41.84 |
29 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.85 |
1.2.3 化学浸出动力学实验
X=0.2Ct12×1000w×100% | (1) |
1.2.4 生物浸出实验
2 结果与讨论
2.1 菌种的耐Cl-驯化特性
Fig. 1 Effect of Cl- on oxidation reduction potentialby ATCC 23270

Fig. 2 Comparison of oxidation reduction potential of ATCC 23270 before and after chlorine-tolerant domestication(72 h)
Fig. 2 Comparison of oxidation reduction potential of ATCC 23270 before and after chlorine-tolerant domestication(72 h)

2.2 浸出条件的响应面优化
2.2.1 回归模型
浸出率=2.60+3.8A+1.76B−46.10C−13.69D+6.48AB−0.97AC+3.23AD+0.13BC−3.10BD+1.28CD+6.75A2+7.55B2+39.24C2+12.40D2 |
Table 5 ANOVA for fitted Box-Behnken model
Table 5 ANOVA for fitted Box-Behnken model
方差来源 | 自由度 | 平方和 | 均方 | F | P |
模型 | 14 | 38 404.3 | 2 743.17 | 36.68 | < 0.000 1 |
A | 1 | 181.12 | 181.12 | 2.42 | 0.142 0 |
B | 1 | 37.14 | 37.14 | 0.50 | 0.492 6 |
C | 1 | 25 506.2 | 25 506.2 | 341.07 | < 0.000 1 |
D | 1 | 2 249.81 | 2 249.81 | 30.08 | < 0.000 1 |
AB | 1 | 167.83 | 167.83 | 2.24 | 0.156 3 |
AC | 1 | 3.74 | 3.74 | 0.050 | 0.826 2 |
AD | 1 | 41.86 | 41.86 | 0.56 | 0.466 7 |
BC | 1 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.001 | 0.977 3 |
BD | 1 | 38.32 | 38.32 | 0.51 | 0.485 9 |
CD | 1 | 6.53 | 6.53 | 0.087 | 0.772 0 |
A2 | 1 | 295.49 | 295.49 | 3.95 | 0.066 8 |
B2 | 1 | 369.57 | 369.57 | 4.94 | 0.043 2 |
C2 | 1 | 9 988.72 | 9 988.72 | 133.57 | < 0.000 1 |
D2 | 1 | 997.47 | 997.47 | 13.34 | 0.002 6 |
残差 | 14 | 1 046.95 | 74.78 | ||
总和 | 28 | 39 451.3 | |||
注:P < 0.01, 差异极显著;P < 0.05,差异显著。 |
2.2.2 响应面分析
Fe3++Cu→Fe2++Cu2+ | (2) |
Fig. 3 Contour and surface plots for effect of rotating speed and temperature

Fig. 4 Contour and surface plots for effect of rotating speed and dosage

Fig. 5 Contour and surface plots for effect of rotating speed and particle size

Fig. 6 Contour and surface plots for effect of temperature and dosage

Fig. 7 Contour and surface plots for effect of temperature and particle size

Fig. 8 Contour and surface plots for effect of dosage and particle size

2.2.3 验证实验
Table 6 Point prediction and verification of models at optimum conditions
Table 6 Point prediction and verification of models at optimum conditions
参数 | 目标 | 预测值/% | 实验值/% | 95%置信区间 | |
低值 | 高值 | ||||
铜浸出率 | 最大值 | 100.08 | 100.00 | 83.13 | 117.03 |
2.3 化学浸出动力学
1−2/3x−(1−x)2/3=kdt | (3) |
1−(1−x)1/3=krt | (4) |
1−3(1−x)2/3+2(1−x)=kt | (5) |
Fig. 9 Kinetic fitting curve in copper leaching process

Table 7 Chemical reaction kinetic parameters
Table 7 Chemical reaction kinetic parameters
模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |||||
1-2/3x-(1-x)2/3 | 1-(1-x)1/3 | 1-3(1-x)2/3+2(1-x) | |||||
k1 | R2 | k2 | R2 | k3 | R2 | ||
< 0.001 | 0.982 | 0.002 | 0.970 | 0.001 | 0.982 |
2.4 生物浸出实验
4Fe2++O2+4H+A.f→4Fe3++2H2O | (6) |
Fig. 10 Bioleaching rate of copper and removal rate of iron under different dosage
Fig. 10 Bioleaching rate of copper and removal rate of iron under different dosage
