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采用静电式空气净化器净化室外新风或室内循环空气,是改善室内空气品质的主要方法之一。一般来说,随着静电式空气净化器的电场强度增大,净化效率会提高,但臭氧产生量亦会增大[1-2]。臭氧是一种具有特殊气味和强氧化性的气体。人体长期暴露于高浓度臭氧会引起呼吸系统疾病,故应采取措施,防止其进入室内环境。臭氧控制措施主要包括两类:优化电极配置以抑制臭氧释放,借助热分解、吸附或催化之类后处理技术分解臭氧。在优化电极配置仍无法抑制臭氧产生的情况下,后者成为研究热点。热分解(含热催化分解)会带来明显的空气温升,吸附法则存在活性炭烧蚀等不利影响,故室温催化是最具实际应用前景的技术。
分解臭氧的催化剂主要活性组分包括贵金属(Ag、Au、Pd、Pt等)和过渡金属氧化物(Mn、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni等)[3]。过渡金属催化剂中,锰氧化物因其低毒性、高活性及优良的可调结构和物理化学性能,已被用作臭氧分解的活性组分[4-5]。锰氧化物存在多种价态和晶型结构。其中,α-MnO2因其具有开放的2×2孔道结构、较大的比表面积、较低的Mn平均氧化态及丰富的表面吸附氧物种,其催化分解臭氧的活性优于其他晶型结构MnO2 [6-7]。同时,α-MnO2中存在能有效捕获臭氧分子的氧空位及丰富的Mn3+/Mn4+氧化还原对,可通过替换孔道结构中部分阳离子或掺杂改性来提高α-MnO2的室温臭氧分解性能[8-9]。但在相对较高湿度下,锰氧化物的催化活性会明显降低。金属Ag价格较低,而且Ag和氧化锰间相互作用可产生更多晶格缺陷和氧空位,从而提高了锰氧化物的还原能力和氧的迁移率[10-11]。因此,采用Ag掺杂不仅可提高催化剂的抗水性,还可改善催化剂的催化活性。本课题组前期研究表明,MnO2或Ag/MnO2催化剂具有优异的室温催化分解臭氧性能[12-14]。
净化室外新风或室内循环空气的静电式空气净化器收尘区极板间距通常仅数毫米,且极板面积大。这意味着待净化空气流经电场空间时,会与极板接触充分,因此,极板涂覆臭氧分解催化材料,有望实现臭氧的原位分解。基于此,本研究采用铝合金板(常用作空气净化器的极板)表面涂覆MnO2或Ag/MnO2催化剂的方法,系统考察涂覆浆料构成(粘结剂的类型和含量、催化剂活性组分)、反应时间和环境条件(臭氧浓度和空气湿度)等因素对催化分解臭氧性能的影响,为优化静电式空气净化器性能以同时实现除尘提效、臭氧控制提供参考。
铝合金极板表面涂覆Mn催化剂及其对臭氧的分解
Ozone decomposition over Mn catalyst coated on aluminum alloy plate
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摘要: 静电式空气净化器工作时会产生臭氧,因此,可通过在极板表面涂覆臭氧分解催化剂以实现对臭氧的原位分解。研究了6061型铝合金极板表面涂覆Mn基催化剂时,活性组分、粘结剂、反应时间和环境条件等因素对催化分解臭氧性能的影响。结果表明:在实际应用相适应的条件下,臭氧可实现原位高效分解;催化剂构成是影响臭氧分解的关键因素,Ag修饰可使MnO2催化分解臭氧效率提高约50%,但粘结剂的存在会导致催化分解臭氧效率下降;臭氧分解效率随入口臭氧浓度升高或空气湿度增大略有下降。本研究结果可为静电式空气净化器同时实现除尘提效与臭氧控制提供参考。Abstract: Ozone can be generated during the operation of electrostatic air purifier. The in-situ catalytic decompo-sition of ozone is possible by coating catalyst on the electrostatic precipitation plate. In this work, the effects of active composition and binding agent, reaction time and environmental conditions on catalytic decomposition efficiency of ozone were investigated by coating Mn catalysts on the 6061 aluminum alloy plate. The results show that ozone can be effectively decomposed under the conditions matching to actual application. The catalyst compositions are the key factor affecting ozone decomposition performance. The decomposition efficiency increases by 50% or so when the Mn catalyst was modified by dopping Ag. The presence of binding agent makes ozone decomposition efficiency decrease. The ozone decomposition efficiency slightly decreases with the increase of inlet ozone concentration and relative humidity.
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Key words:
- air purifier /
- electrostatic /
- plate /
- ozone /
- catalytic decomposition
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表 1 催化剂的BET和脱落率测试结果
Table 1. BET and the rate of bond failure test results of catalyst
催化剂种类 BET
/(m2∙g−1)孔径
/nm孔体积
/(cm3∙g−1)脱落率
/%MnO2 21.3 23.0 0.10 - MnO2-CMC/SBR0.5% 17.1 17.8 0.09 7.18 MnO2- CMC/SBR1.0% 14.3 21.4 0.09 2.15 MnO2- CMC/SBR1.5% 10.1 54.2 0.07 0.84 MnO2- SA0.5% 20.3 21.4 0.09 13.16 MnO2- SA1.0% 16.1 33.5 0.08 4.15 MnO2- SA1.5% 10.7 53.6 0.07 1.25 -
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