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磺胺(sulfonamide,SA)类药物是第一类人工合成的抗菌药,用于临床已有80多年[1],它具有抗菌谱广、性质稳定、使用简便等优点[2]。临床常用的磺胺类药物在合成生产过程中会产生较大量的含有苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚等物质的磺胺类制药废水,须在排放前进行有效处理。然而,磺胺类制药废水含有多种结构较稳定的苯系物,导致该废水的处理难度较大。当前污水处理厂对磺胺类制药废水的处理主要采用Fenton氧化法[3]、矿物材料吸附法[4]、活性污泥降解法[5]等,但是处理效果并不理想[6-7],一些未被有效处理的残余药物不可避免地随出水进入自然环境。苯为环境中主要的有毒有机污染物之一[8],已被世界卫生组织列为一类致癌物,苯酚和苯磺酸的毒性与苯相似,容易经呼吸道和皮肤进入人体,抑制中枢神经系统[9],残留的苯磺酰胺进入自然水体,对生态环境和人类健康构成潜在威胁[10-11]。因此,针对磺胺类制药废水中广泛含有的苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚等物质,构建一种有效的快速同步检测方法,对于评价废水处理效能、环境污染评价和预警具有重要的意义。
目前,单独检测苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚的方法[12-17]已有报道,但针对同时含有这3种苯系物组分的磺胺类制药废水,单一样品的检测方法存在水样预处理步骤繁琐、检测时效性低、检测成本高等问题,而目前尚未有快速同步检测这3种苯系物的方法。因此,本研究利用高效液相色谱仪,对比乙腈/水、甲醇/水和甲醇/缓冲盐3种流动相,调整230、240、250和260 nm 4种检测波长,建立了对磺胺类制药废水中苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚等苯系物快速同步检测方法,为高效快捷地检测水样中苯系物的浓度和分布提供了便利。
磺胺类制药废水中苯系物的快速同步检测
Rapid synchronous detection of benzene series in sulfonamide pharmaceutical wastewater
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摘要: 磺胺类制药废水是一类难降解有机废水,其中含有苯磺酰胺、苯磺酸、苯酚等苯系物,对这些物质的快速检测十分必要,针对这3种物质建立了基于高效液相色谱的快速同步检测方法。采用C18柱为分离柱,比较了乙腈/水、甲醇/水和甲醇/缓冲盐3种流动相体系的分离效果,优化了230、240、250和260 nm 4种检测波长等条件。结果表明,V甲醇∶V磷酸二氢铵溶液(0.5%,pH=3.5)=50∶50作为流动相时,基线稳定,峰形较好,3种目标物在11 min内即可实现有效分离,且浓度为5~100 mg·L−1时,3种目标物峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2>0.999),检出限为15.0~29.4 μg·L−1,相对偏差为0.05%~1.56%(n=5),该方法能同时检测苯磺酸、苯酚和苯磺酰胺,具有简便、灵敏、准确等优点,可为制药废水的快速检测和磺胺类药物降解机理的分析提供便利。Abstract: Sulfonamide pharmaceutical wastewater is a kind of refractory organic wastewater, which usually contains benzene series compounds e.g. benzenesulfonic acid, phenol and benzene. It is necessary to develop their fast detection methods. In this study, a rapid method for synchronous detection of benzenesulfonic acid, phenol and benzene sulfonamide in pharmaceutical wastewater was established based on high performance liquid chromatography. The reverse-phase C18 column was used, the separation effects of three mobile phase systems of acetonitrile/water, methanol/water and methanol/buffering salt were compared, and the four detection wavelengths of 230, 240, 250 and 260 nm was optimized. The results showed that the stable baseline and high-quality peak shape could be detected when Vmethanol∶Vammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.5%, pH=3.5) = 50∶50 was used as the mobile phase, and the three target compounds could be well-separated within 11 min. Within the concentration range of 5~100 mg·L−1, good linear relationship between the peak area of the three targets and the mass concentration was achieved (R2>0.999). The detection limit and relative deviation were between 15.0~29.4 μg·L−1 and between 0.05%~1.56% (n=5), respectively. This method can effectively separate the three substances, and has the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity and accuracy. It can facilitate the fast detection of pharmaceutical wastewater and the analysis of the sulfonamides degradation mechanism.
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