中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的单一及联合毒性效应
Single and Combined Toxicities of Traditional Chinese Medicine Antibacterials on Aliivibrio fischeri
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摘要: 抗生素滥用所导致的环境问题日益受到人们的关注，寻找传统抗生素的可能替代品迫在眉睫。从中药中提取的具有抗菌活性的化合物（简称中药抗菌剂）因具有资源丰富、抗菌谱广和不良反应低等特点，有望成为未来替代抗生素的关键。因此，有必要探究中药抗菌剂的毒性效应，这可以对未来中药抗菌剂使用后的生态风险提供指导。本文以费氏弧菌作为模式生物，分别测定了大黄素（emodin，EMO）、大黄酸（rhein，RH）、芦荟大黄素（aloe-emodin，AE）和双氢青蒿素（dihydroartemisinin，DHA）4种中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的单一和多元联合毒性，同时进行了抑菌作用机理的初步讨论。结果表明，4种中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的生物荧光均能产生较为明显的抑制作用，毒性排序是EMO>RH>AE>DHA。而当EMO、RH、AE和DHA混合暴露时，混合物在高浓度区间的联合毒性作用模式均为拮抗，推测是受试中药抗菌剂之间互相竞争性地对NADH脱氢酶产生抑制作用，从而导致对发光反应的抑制作用较单一暴露时减弱。本研究对未来中药抗菌剂单一及联合毒性效应的研究具有积极的推动作用，有望为今后中药抗菌剂的生态风险评价提供参考。Abstract: More and more attention has been paid to the environmental problems caused by the overuse of antibiotics, and it is urgent to seek possible alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Due to the rich resources, wide antibacterial spectrum, and low adverse reactions, traditional Chinese medicine antibacterials (TCM antibacterials for short) are deemed to be the possible substitutes for antibiotics in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the toxic effects of TCM antibacterials, which could provide a guidance for the ecological risks after the use of TCM antimicrobials. In this study, the single and joint toxicities of four TCM antibacterials (including emodin (EMO), rhein (RH), aloe-emodin (AE), and dihydroartemisinin (DHA)) on Aliivibrio fischeri were tested, and the antibacterial mechanism was preliminarily explored. The results showed that the four TCM antibacterials exhibited significant inhibition on the bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri, and the order of toxicity was EMO > RH > AE > DHA. When EMO, RH, AE, and DHA were mixed, the joint toxicities of the mixtures in the high concentration range were antagonism. It was speculated that the TCM antibacterials competitively inhibited NADH dehydrogenase, leading to a weaker inhibitory effect of the mixtures on the luminescence reaction than that of single agent. This study will promote the study of single and joint toxicities of TCM antibacterials in the future, and provide a reference for the ecological risk assessment of TCM antibacterials.
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Key words:
- TCM antibacterials /
- Aliivibrio fischeri /
- single toxicity /
- joint toxicity /
- bioluminescence /
- antagonism
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