摘要:
以斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试研究海南某污水处理厂出水经氯胺、二氧化氯、次氯酸钠、臭氧和紫外几种消毒处理后对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性。利用胚胎毒性和层次分析法构建危害分级方法及其指标体系,评价消毒危害。研究结果表明:消毒处理前的二沉池出水未产生胚胎发育毒性效应,但经次氯酸钠、氯胺、臭氧、二氧化氯对再生水消毒处理可使斑马鱼胚胎出现卵黄囊异常、心跳减缓、色素沉积减少、孵出延缓和卷尾等毒理反应;不同消毒方式处理的再生水可致斑马鱼胚胎死亡率增加,胚胎毒性依次为:二氧化氯 < 紫外 < 紫外+次氯酸钠=二沉池出水(不消毒) < 氯胺=紫外+氯胺 < 臭氧 < 次氯酸钠;不同消毒方式的危害分级为:二氧化氯和紫外消毒构成轻微危害,危害等级为I级,紫外+次氯酸钠、紫外+氯胺、氯胺消毒构成中度危害,危害等级为II级,次氯酸钠危害较强,其危害等级为III级;化学消毒剂与紫外线组合消毒可降低再生水消毒的危害。
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the embryos toxicity and hazard induced by the effluent from the sewage treatment plants of Hainan Province which disinfected by different approaches including chloramines, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, ozone, and ultraviolet (UV). Zebrafish was chosen as the model animal and was exposed to the disinfected water sample in the embryonic toxicity test. To evaluate the hazard, a hazard classification method was established based on the embryos toxicity and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) model. The results indicated that:the effluent without disinfection didn't exhibit develop-mental toxic effects on embryos, but all the disinfected water samples exhibited toxic effects on embryos including yolk sac abnormalities, heart rate decrease, pigmentation reduction, delay hatching and capuchin. Exposure in disinfected water samples increased the mortality rate of zebrafish embryos. The embryo toxicity showed as follows:chlorine dioxide < UV < UV + sodium hypochlorite=effluent (unsterile) < chloramine=UV + chloramine < ozone < sodium hypochlorite. The hazard classification of different disinfection approaches was:chlorine dioxide an.d UV constituted light hazards (Class I); UV + sodium hypochlorite, UV + chloramine, chloramine constituted moderate hazard (Class II); sodium hypochlorite constituted relatively strong hazard (Class III). The combination of chemical disinfectants and UV disinfection can reduce the hazard in reclaimed water disinfection.
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