应对南方某水厂土霉嗅味的活性炭技术
Powdered activated carbon for treatment of musty odor in a Southern China water treatment plant
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摘要: 粉末活性炭(PAC)是应对季节性嗅味问题的主要处理技术,选择合适的活性炭、确定投加条件等因素对于水厂的高效运行等具有重要意义。针对南方某水厂存在的季节性嗅味问题,选择了国内9种常用PAC(包括3种煤质炭,3种木质炭,3种椰壳炭),对其吸附能力及处理成本进行比较,同时对该水厂在用PAC的处理效果、原有预氧化工艺(预加次氯酸钠及高锰酸钾)的影响等条件进行评价。结果表明:9种PAC中碘值为1 030 mg·g-1的椰壳炭吸附能力最强,对150 ng·L-1的2-甲基异崁醇(2-MIB)吸附容量为6.2 ng·mg-1。水厂的预氧化工艺会显著降低PAC对2-MIB、土臭素(GSM)的吸附效果(分别降低29.5%、31.6%)。综合处理效果和经济成本后,碘值为800 mg·g-1的煤质炭对该水厂水源条件下的嗅味问题处理效果最优,在将2-MIB浓度由150 ng·L-1处理至嗅阈值以下时,水的活性炭处理成本为0.3 元·t-1。Abstract: Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption is the main technique for the treatment of seasonal odor problems, the selection of type and dosage of PAC is significant for a water treatment plant (WTP). To deal with seasonal taste and odor problems in a Southern China WTP, in this study the adsorption ability and treatment cost of 9 kinds of common PACs (including 3 kinds of coal activated carbon, 3 kinds of wooden activated carbon and 3 kinds of coconut shellactivated carbon) for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM)removal were compared. Additionally, the influence of pre-oxidation process (sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate) on PAC adsorption was taken also into consideration. Results show that the coconut shell activated carbon with an iodine value of 1 030 mg·g-1 presented the highest adsorption capacity among these 9 types of common PACs, and its adsorption capacity for 2-MIB (150 ng·L-1) is 6.2 ng·mg-1. However, the pre-oxidation process significantly reduced the PAC adsorption capacity for 2-MIB and GSM by 29.5% and 31.6%, respectively. Through comprehensive consideration of the treatment efficiency and cost, coal activated carbon with an iodine value of 800 mg·g-1 is the most cost-effective PAC, it could remove 2-MIB with an initial content of 150 ng·L-1 down to below the olfactory threshold, and the treating cost is only 0.3 yuan·t-1.
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Key words:
- drinking water /
- activated carbon /
- taste and odor /
- adsorption
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