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1 材料与方法
1.1 原料
Table 1 Basic physicochemical parameters of materials
堆肥原料 | 含水率(湿重)/% | 总碳(干重)/(g·kg−1) | 总氮(干重)/(g·kg−1) | 有机氮(干重)/(g·kg−1) | C/N | 有机质(干重)/% | NH4+(干重)/(mg·g−1) | NO3−(干重)/(mg·g−1) |
生活垃圾 | 72.70 | 46.21 | 2.36 | 1.96 | 19.55 | 95.31 | 3.12 | 0.89 |
人粪便 | 84.83 | 48.64 | 4.54 | 4.10 | 10.71 | 82.42 | 3.42 | 0.94 |
农村污泥 | 82.38 | 29.62 | 4.75 | 4.44 | 6.24 | 63.15 | 2.28 | 0.85 |
玉米秸秆 | 7.74 | 41.81 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 35.74 | 92.94 | — | — |
1.2 堆肥
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of compost equipment
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1.3 配比设计方案与分析方法
Table 2 Test of mixture design
编号 | 生活垃圾A | 人粪便B | 农村污泥C | A+B+C总重(湿重)/g | A+B+C总重(干重)/g | 玉米秸秆(湿重)/g | C/N | |||
湿重/g | 占比(干重) | 湿重/g | 占比(干重) | 湿重/g | 占比(干重) | |||||
1 | 549 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 549 | 154 | 256 | 30.08 ± 1.04 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 026 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 026 | 154 | 256 | 17.62 ± 2.24 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 855 | 1 | 855 | 154 | 256 | 13.98 ±0.43 |
4 | 275 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 427 | 1/2 | 702 | 154 | 256 | 9.52 ± 0.26 |
5 | 275 | 1/2 | 513 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 788 | 154 | 256 | 23.95 ± 0.94 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 513 | 1/2 | 427 | 1/2 | 940 | 154 | 256 | 16.30 ± 0.58 |
7 | 366 | 2/3 | 171 | 1/3 | 143 | 1/3 | 681 | 154 | 256 | 24.16 ± 1.4 |
8 | 366 | 2/3 | 171 | 1/3 | 143 | 1/3 | 681 | 154 | 256 | 24.16 ± 1.4 |
9 | 92 | 1/3 | 684 | 2/3 | 143 | 1/3 | 919 | 154 | 256 | 19.19 ± 0.73 |
10 | 92 | 1/3 | 684 | 2/3 | 143 | 1/3 | 919 | 154 | 256 | 19.19 ± 0.73 |
11 | 92 | 1/3 | 171 | 1/3 | 570 | 2/3 | 833 | 154 | 256 | 15.98 ± 0.46 |
12 | 92 | 1/3 | 171 | 1/3 | 570 | 2/3 | 833 | 154 | 256 | 15.98 ± 0.46 |
13 | 183 | 1/3 | 342 | 1/3 | 285 | 1/3 | 809 | 154 | 256 | 17.76 ± 1.77 |
14 | 183 | 1/3 | 342 | 1/3 | 285 | 1/3 | 809 | 154 | 256 | 17.76 ± 1.77 |
1.4 分析项目与方法
1.5 数据处理
2 结果与讨论
2.1 不同配比对堆肥腐熟指标的影响
2.1.1 不同配比对WSCorg、WSC/WSN的影响
Fig. 2 Response surface of water-soluble carbon
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2.1.2 不同配比对T的影响
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2.1.3 不同配比对k的影响
Table 3 Parameter values of the first-order equation describing OM degradation
实验组 | A/% | 标准差( A) | k/d−1 | 标准差( k) | 残差均方 | F |
1 | 68.40 | 4.66 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 34.11 | 242.13** |
2 | 62.29 | 5.37 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 13.91 | 353.19** |
3 | 63.78 | 4.59 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 12.01 | 448.62** |
4 | 66.67 | 4.13 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 20.96 | 347.35** |
5 | 66.19 | 8.34 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 40.23 | 144.81** |
6 | 69.85 | 7.83 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 27.47 | 220.56** |
7 | 65.67 | 5.17 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 51.57 | 157.02** |
8 | 76.42 | 5.71 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 67.48 | 168.59** |
9 | 69.12 | 10.34 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 39.14 | 143.45** |
10 | 66.50 | 6.69 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 21.79 | 257.71** |
11 | 64.03 | 4.73 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 18.72 | 321.67** |
12 | 57.32 | 3.35 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 13.37 | 399.09** |
13 | 60.09 | 4.97 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 27.20 | 165.68** |
14 | 63.06 | 19.54 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 37.45 | 86.45** |
2.2 综合分析与优化
2.2.1 原料性质与腐熟指标影响分析
Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of material properties and each responses
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2.2.2 综合优化
Table 4 Comprehensive optimization of response indicators
项目 | 原料或参数 | 参数优化方向 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
因子水平 | 生活垃圾 | 设定值内 | 0 | 1 |
人粪便 | 设定值内 | 0 | 1 | |
农村污泥 | 设定值内 | 0 | 1 | |
腐熟响应值 | WSCorg | 最小值 | 6.93 | 21.30 |
WSC/WSN | 最小值 | 2.39 | 9.36 | |
T | 最小值 | 0.34 | 0.59 | |
k | 最大值 | 0.06 | 0.19 |
Fig. 5 Mixture contour plot of comprehensive expected value of response indicators
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