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1 材料和方法
1.1 实验样品
Fig. 1 Two kinds of oily sludge samples used in this study

1.2 实验设置
Fig. 2 Schematic layout of lab-scale fluidized bed incineration test platform

1.3 分析方法
c=10MCs22.4(21−Co)
| (1) |
2 结果与讨论
2.1 油泥和煤的理化特性分析
Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of oily sludge and coal samples
样品 | 工业分析/% | 热值/(kJ·kg−1) | 元素分析/% | |||||||
水分 | 灰分 | 挥发分 | 固定碳 | C | H | O | N | S | ||
1号油泥 | 37.56 | 34.51 | 24.08 | 3.85 | 12 319 | 25.04 | 1.60 | 0.32 | 0.69 | 0.28 |
2号油泥 | 3.91 | 69.94 | 24.10 | 2.05 | 9 728 | 22.04 | 2.73 | 0.32 | 0.96 | 0.10 |
重油煤样 | 13.47 | 49.01 | 19.69 | 17.83 | 9 573 | 26.37 | 2.21 | 7.87 | 0.57 | 0.50 |
二站煤样 | 10.94 | 21.47 | 32.19 | 35.40 | 19 565 | 51.85 | 3.57 | 10.68 | 0.84 | 0.65 |
Table 2 Primary components of the oily sludge samples %
样品 | 水 | 油 | 渣 |
1号油泥 | 26.66 ± 1.23 | 28.79 ± 1.18 | 44.55 ± 0.04 |
2号油泥 | 2.90 ± 0.85 | 27.79 ± 1.92 | 69.31 ± 2.19 |
Fig. 3 Rheological properties of the No.1 oily sludge sample

Table 3 Distribution of heavy metals in oily sludge samples mg·kg−1
样品 | Cu | Fe | Ni | As | Cd | Pb | Cr | Zn |
标准值1) | 500 | — | 200 | 70 | 20 | 600 | 1 000 | 700 |
1号油泥 | 38.1 | 8 325.0 | 2.7 | 38.5 | 20.1 | 25.8 | 9.1 | 2 600.0 |
2号油泥 | 52.5 | 1 330.0 | 20.7 | 14.6 | 7.3 | 17.5 | 12.3 | 83.5 |
2.2 油泥与煤混烧气体污染物排放分析
Table 4 Emissions of gaseous pollutants from sole incineration of No.2 oily sludge
温度/ºC | 一氧化碳CO/(mg·m−3) | 氮氧化物NOx/(mg·m−3) | 二氧化硫SO2/(mg·m−3) |
标准值1) | 80 | 400 | 200 |
750 | 1 042.0 | 194.9 | 28.2 |
800 | 3 895.0 | 117.9 | 58.5 |
850 | 8 363.0 | 30.3 | 522.5 |
Fig. 4 Emissions of gaseous pollutants from co-combustion of oily sludge and coal under different mixing ratios
Fig. 4 Emissions of gaseous pollutants from co-combustion of oily sludge and coal under different mixing ratios

2.3 油泥和煤混烧灰渣特性分析
Fig. 5 Compositions of ash and residue samples obtained from incineration of oily sludge, coal and sludge-coal mixture
Fig. 5 Compositions of ash and residue samples obtained from incineration of oily sludge, coal and sludge-coal mixture

Table 5 Ignition loss and melting point of ash samples
样品 | 灼减率/% | DT变形温度/ºC | ST软化温度/ºC | HT半球温度/ºC | FT流动温度/ºC |
油泥灰样 | 20.39 | 1 388 | 1 473 | 1 490 | >1 500 |
重油灰样 | 2.24 | 1 270 | 1 389 | 1 400 | 1 422 |
二站灰样 | 6.65 | 1 390 | 1 427 | 1 454 | 1 478 |
油泥+重油灰样 | 8.88 | 1 184 | 1 209 | 1 217 | 1 222 |
油泥+二站灰样 | 18.82 | 1 152 | 1 171 | 1 180 | 1 188 |
Fig. 6 pH value of ash and residue samples

Table 6 Leaching toxicity of residue samples from co-combustion of oily sludge and coal μg·L−1
样品 | Cr | Ni | Cu | Cd | Pb |
标准值1) | 15 000 | 5 000 | 100 000 | 1 000 | 5 000 |
油泥渣样 | 86.8 | 116.3 | 350.8 | 3.4 | 5.7 |
重油渣样 | 31.6 | 93.2 | 121.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
二站渣样 | 6.7 | 164.6 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
油泥+重油混烧渣样 | 213.6 | 176.1 | 427.6 | 5.5 | 4.4 |
油泥+二站混烧渣样 | 130.9 | 231.5 | 183.6 | 23.4 | 17.7 |
Table 7 Leaching toxicity of ash samples from co-combustion of oily sludge and coal μg·L−1
样品 | Cr | Ni | Cu | Cd | Pb |
标准值1) | 15 000 | 5 000 | 100 000 | 1 000 | 5 000 |
油泥灰样 | 919.6 | 8 698.5 | 797.7 | 2 867.0 | 342.8 |
重油灰样 | 54.7 | 219.6 | 202.9 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
二站灰样 | 23.3 | 111.5 | 10.4 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
油泥+重油混烧灰样 | 237.4 | 581.2 | 332.8 | 75.7 | 15.8 |
油泥+二站混烧灰样 | 205.8 | 1 079.7 | 430.4 | 126.0 | 50.1 |