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石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果

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于真真, 王晓昌, 船水尚行, 李倩. 石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果[J]. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8(7): 2987-2990.
引用本文: 于真真, 王晓昌, 船水尚行, 李倩. 石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果[J]. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8(7): 2987-2990.
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Yu Zhenzhen, Wang Xiaochang, Funamizu Naoyuki, Li Qian. Effect of lime addition and mixing on pathogen inactivation in a composting toilet[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(7): 2987-2990.
Citation: Yu Zhenzhen, Wang Xiaochang, Funamizu Naoyuki, Li Qian. Effect of lime addition and mixing on pathogen inactivation in a composting toilet[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(7): 2987-2990.
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石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果

  • 1.

    西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055

  • 2.

    北海道大学工学部, 札幌 060-8628

  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目（51021140002）

  • 中图分类号: X705

Effect of lime addition and mixing on pathogen inactivation in a composting toilet

  • 1.

    School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

  • 2.

    Department of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 以发展中国家农村地区的卫生条件改善为目的，开展了简易生态厕所的粪便堆肥处理实验。在投加石灰作为抑菌剂的条件下，研究了搅拌混合对杀灭致病微生物的影响，以及使堆肥终产物达到可接受风险值所需的最佳搅拌条件。实验确定了石灰的投加量，并应用Beta-Possion模型对堆肥处置过程中致病微生物对暴露人群的健康风险进行评价，从而从健康风险控制的角度确定了最佳的搅拌次数。研究结果表明，石灰投加量约占堆肥干重1.5%，手动搅拌50次，经搅拌后放置12 h能达到可接受的风险值（3.2×10-5）。
    Abstract: In order to improve the sanitary condition in rural area in developing countries,an experimental study was conducted on feces treatment using a simple composting toilet with lime addition and manual mixing.The objective was to find the optimal condition for reducing the pathogenic risk to the acceptable level.The Beta-Possion model was used for evaluating the health risk on exposure to the pathogens residual in the composting product.As a result,it is found that the acceptable infection risk of 3.2×10-5 can be achieved under the conditions of lime addition to 1.5% of the total dry weight of the compost,manual mixing for 50 times,and reaction time for 12 h.
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  • [1] 潘理黎, 吕伯昇, 严国奇, 等.我国免水生态厕所的发展现状与展望.科技导报, 2005, 23(11):66-68 Pan L.L., Lv B.S., Yan G.Q., et al.Current situation and prospect of ecological toilet without water in China.Science & Technology Review, 2005, 23(11):66-68(in Chinese)
    [2] 陈志宇, 苏继影, 栾冬梅.猪粪好氧堆肥的影响因素.畜牧与兽医, 2005, 37(7):53-54 Chen Z.Y., Su J.Y., Luan D.M.Factors of aerobic composting used pig manure.Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2005, 37(7):53-54(in Chinese)
    [3] Tonner-Klank L., Moller J., Forslund A., et al.Microbiological assessments of compost toilets:In situ measurements and laboratory studies on the survival of fecal microbial indicators using sentinel chambers.Waste Management, 2007, 27(9):1144-1154
    [4] Otaki M., Nakagawa N., Akaishi F., et al.The fate of microorganisms in the composting toilet from the view point of hygienic risk.Proceedings of the 2nd International Dry Toilet Conference.Tampere, Finland, 2006
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    [6] Kazama S., Otaki M.Mechanisms for the inactivation of bacteria and viruses in sawdust used in composting toilet.Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 2011, 9(1):53-66
    [7] Caroline S., Therese W., Thor A.S., et al.Microbial risk assessment of local handling and use of human faeces.Journal of Water and Health, 2007, 5(1):117-128
    [8] 高良敏, 宁桂兴, 钱新, 等.免水资源综合利用型生态厕所实验研究.农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(1):359-362 Gao L.M., Ning G.X., Qian X., et al.Eco-toilet with comprehensive utilization of water-free resources.Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(1):359-362(in Chinese)
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2013-07-09
  • 刊出日期:  2014-06-26

石灰投加与搅拌对生态厕所的灭菌效果

  • 1. 西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西安 710055
  • 2. 北海道大学工学部, 札幌 060-8628
  • 收稿日期:  2013-07-09
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目（51021140002）

摘要: 以发展中国家农村地区的卫生条件改善为目的，开展了简易生态厕所的粪便堆肥处理实验。在投加石灰作为抑菌剂的条件下，研究了搅拌混合对杀灭致病微生物的影响，以及使堆肥终产物达到可接受风险值所需的最佳搅拌条件。实验确定了石灰的投加量，并应用Beta-Possion模型对堆肥处置过程中致病微生物对暴露人群的健康风险进行评价，从而从健康风险控制的角度确定了最佳的搅拌次数。研究结果表明，石灰投加量约占堆肥干重1.5%，手动搅拌50次，经搅拌后放置12 h能达到可接受的风险值（3.2×10-5）。

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