不同洗脱剂对有机氯农药污染场地土壤修复效果比较
Effectiveness comparison of different solvents in organochlorine pesticide contaminated soil flushing
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摘要: 为了筛选出能有效修复有机氯农药污染土壤的洗脱剂，选取了16种洗脱剂对2种复合有机氯农药（六六六（HCHs）和滴滴涕（DDTs）、氯丹和灭蚁灵）污染场地土壤进行超声洗脱修复。结果表明，对于HCHs和DDTs复合污染土壤，乙酸乙酯和丙酮对HCHs的洗脱率最高，分别为87.6%和87%，其余有机溶剂对其洗脱率也在70%以上。乙酸乙酯和丙酮对于DDT仍为最优，分别为86.9%与78.4%，其余有机试剂对DDT的洗脱率在60%以上。相对于有机溶剂，表面活性剂对HCHs和DDTs复合污染土壤的洗脱效果不好，总洗脱率均低于4%。同样，对于氯丹和灭蚁灵复合污染土壤，有机溶剂的洗脱效果也明显优于表面活性剂。有机溶剂对灭蚁灵的洗脱率，除了正丙醇较低（63.5%）外，其余均在80%左右。对氯丹的洗脱率，除石油醚（59.6%）、正己烷（49.3%）和正丙醇（42%），其余均在70%以上。相同摩尔浓度的表面活性剂中，吐温80对氯丹的洗脱率为54%，环糊精为20%，鼠李糖脂和曲拉通100为13%左右，其余则小于5%，吐温80对灭蚁灵的洗脱率为29.6%，曲拉通100的为12.4%，鼠李糖脂为5.7%，其余则更低。因此，高效低毒的有机试剂，如乙酸乙酯、丙酮和乙醇等可作为有机氯农药污染土壤修复的首选。Abstract: A flushing investigation of sixteen kinds of solvents (dichloromethane， acetone， ethyl acetate， petroleum ether， hexane， methanol， ethanol， propanol， isopropanol， rhamnolipid， hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin， sodium dodecyl sulfate， SDS， SDBS， Tween 80 and Triton 100) was conducted to select an optimum solvent for HCHs and DDTs， and chlordane and mirex-polluted soil flushing. Results showed that in HCHs and DDTs contaminated soil， ethyl acetate is the best eluent with removal efficiencies of 87.6% and 86.9% for HCHs and DDTs， respectively. The removal efficiencies of the other organic solvents ranged between 61.6% and 87% for HCHs and DDTs， but the removal efficiencies of surfactants were less than 4% for HCHs and DDTs. Organic solvents were better than surfactants in HCHs and DDTs polluted soil flushing. This phenomenon also occurred in chlordane and mirex-polluted soil. For mirex， the removal efficiencies of organic solvents were about 80% with the exception of propanol (63.5%). For chlordane， the removal efficiencies of organic solvents were more than 70% with the exceptions of petroleum ether (59.6%)， hexane (49.3%) and propanol (42%).The removal efficiencies of chlordane for Tween 80， cyclodextrin， Triton X-100 and rhamnolipid were 54%，20%， 12.8% and 12.2%， respectively， and the other surfactants’ were lower than 1%. And the removal efficiencies of mirex were 29.6% for Tween 80，12.4% for Triton X-100， 5.7% for rhamnolipid. Therefore， it is concluded that organic solvents like ethyl acetate， acetone and ethanol， can act as better flushing solvents in organochlorine pesticide polluted soil in the light of removal efficiencies.
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Key words:
- organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) /
- soil flushing /
- removal efficiencies /
- organic solvents /
- surfactant
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