北京市生活垃圾处理的环境影响评价
Environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste disposal in Beijing
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摘要: 目前北京市生活垃圾产生量不断增加，处理设施能力日渐不足，生活垃圾管理正面临着减量化与资源化必然趋势。在未来5~10年内，堆肥处理、焚烧处理和综合处理等方式将取代卫生填埋成为北京市垃圾处理的主要方式。本研究采用生命周期评价的方法，对北京市4处垃圾处理设施采用的不同工艺（卫生填埋、好氧堆肥、焚烧处理和综合处理）的环境影响进行比较。评价结果表明，4种处理方式中填埋、堆肥、焚烧和综合处理的环境影响负荷分别为4.82×10-2、1.10×10-2、1.31×10-1和2.31×10-2，焚烧处理的总环境影响潜值最大，填埋处理次之，综合处理再次，堆肥处理最小。4种处理方式的资源耗竭系数分别为-2.39×10-5、1.11×10-5、-3.45×10-4和-1.04×10-6，焚烧处理的资源耗竭系数最小。Abstract: Due to the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and the insufficient waste treatment capacity in Beijing， MSW management system is facing the trend of reducing and recycling. Composting， incinerating， and synthesized disposal will take the place of sanitary landfilling and become the main disposal approaches in the next 5 to 10 years. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is proposed in this study to evaluate the environmental impacts of 4 disposal approaches， including sanitary landfilling， composting， incinerating， and synthesized disposal approaches. The environmental impact potential values of lanitary landfilling， composting， incinerating， and synthesized disposal are 4.82×10-2，1.10×10-2，1.31×10-1 and 2.31×10-2， respectively. The results indicate that the environmental impact lord of incinerating is the lightest among the 4 treatment approaches， while that of sanitary landfilling is the second， of synthesized disposal the third， and composting is the lowest. The resource exhaustion indexes of sanitary landfilling， composting， incinerating， and synthesized disposal are -2.39×10-5，1.11×10-5，-3.45×10-4 and -1.04×10-6， respectively. The resource exhaustion index of incineration is the lowest.
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