3种典型地区农村污水排放特征调查分析
Investigation and analysis of rural wastewater discharge characteristics in three typical areas of China
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摘要: 目前，我国农村污水的处理率很低，农村污染问题日益受到关注。为了深入了解我国农村污水特征，在北京、浙江和云南等地分别选择水库水源地保护区、河网地区和风景旅游区内的村庄进行农村污水排放特征的调查研究，以期为农村污水治理提供准确的基础数据。调查方法包括资料调研、入户调查和现场采样监测。结果表明，生活污水和畜禽养殖污水与粪便是村落的主要点污染源，不同区域农村用水习惯不同，污水排放规律差异较大；河网地区的村落对河浜污染状况非常严重，成为隐性污染源；旅游风景区内村庄污水特征受季节影响显著。Abstract: Currently， the ratio of wastewater treatment is very low in rural areas in China， and the environmental pollution problem in rural areas has been more and more focused on. In order to determine the characteristics of rural wastewater in China and provide accurate basic data for wastewater treatment in rural areas， the villages of water source reserve upstream watershed in Beijing， river network zone in Zhejiang Province and tourist area in Yunnan Province were selected as the study areas， respectively， the characteristics of rural wastewater discharging were investigated. The investigated methods included corresponding data collection， household investigation and sample analysis. The results revealed that domestic wastewater， livestock and poultry raising wastewater were the main sources of point pollution， the habit of water consumption was not the same in different rural regions， the rule of wastewater discharging was also different； the creek in river network zone was heavily polluted and became the recessive pollution source； the characteristics of rural wastewater were significant ly effected by the change of seasons in tourist areas.
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