不同类型海岸的溢油清理方法
Oil spill cleanup methods for different types of coasts
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摘要: 世界石油资源分布和需求的不均衡性，促进了海上石油工业和石油运输业的快速发展，同时也增加了溢油事故的几率。海上溢油污染问题日趋严重，溢油污染对海洋环境、生态、资源、经济及人类生产生活等造成了巨大的影响，日益引起社会各界的关注。海岸溢油污染清理实践表明，正确的溢油清理方案的制定应综合考虑海岸的敏感性指数、溢油的类型、清理方法可能带来的危害以及实际可操作程度等。对包括盐沼地海岸和红树林海岸，沉积海岸，以及岩石海岸三类典型海岸的国内外现有海岸溢油污染清理技术进行了详细的综述，以期为我国的海岸带管理和溢油应急计划的制订提供技术参考。Abstract: Frequent oil spills are closely related to the imbalance between crude oil distribution and demand, and consequently the rapid development of offshore oil exploitation and transportation industries. Oil spills have great impact on the marine environment, ecology, resources, economy and human activities. Remediation practices indicate that several factors should be considered in selecting cleanup methods, including coastal environmental sensitivity index, spilled oil properties, potential damages due to specific cleanup methods and their maneuverability etc. The paper is a review on remediation technologies for three typical coasts contaminated by oil spills. Adopting adequate strategy in post oil spill remediation is crucial in coastal management and oil spill emergency plan design.
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Key words:
- oil spills /
- salt marsh /
- mangrove /
- biological coast /
- sedimentary coast /
- rocky coast /
- cleanup
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