生物修复剂在清除海滩石油污染中的应用
Application of bioremediation agents in the cleaning of oilpolluted beach
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摘要: 介绍了生物修复石油污染海滩时常用的修复剂类型及其特点。当实验室环境条件能较好控制时，生物强化剂一般是有效的；然而污染现场得出的证据不能表明其对生物降解有促进作用。实验室和现场的研究均表明营养型生物促进剂能有效促进石油的生物降解。水溶性营养易被波浪和潮汐冲刷掉；缓释型营养盐面临的主要挑战是如何控制其释放速率，以保证孔隙水中能较长时间维持理想的营养浓度；亲油型肥料中含有有机碳，有可能在微生物降解石油之前被优先降解。建议根据污染环境的特点选用适合的生物促进剂。Abstract: The types and characteristics of bioremediation agents usually used in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beach were reviewed. Bioaugmentation agents are effective when the environmental factors are well controlled in the laboratory. But the evidence in the field of oil-polluted beach was not enough to demonstrate their enhancement to oil biodegradation. Studies in the laborotary and field demonstrated that biostimulation agents would accelarate the biodegradation of oil. The water-soluble nutrients are more likely to be washed away by the actions of tides and waves. The major challenge for the slow-release nutrients is control of the release rates so that optimal nutrient concentrations can be maintained in the pore water over long time periods. Oleophilic fertilizers contain organic carbon which may be biodegraded by microorganisms in preference to petroleum hydrocarbons. It is suggested that optimal biostimulation agents should be selected according to the characteristics of the contaminated environment.
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Key words:
- bioremediation /
- petroleum contamination /
- beach /
- biostimulation agents /
- bioaugmentation agents
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