长江干流、嘉陵江和乌江重庆段邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及生态风险评估
Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in the Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River in Chongqing, China
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摘要: 以重庆境内长江干流及其主要支流嘉陵江和乌江，作为研究对象，系统分析了沿江不同监测位点水体和沉积物中16种邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalic acid esters，PAEs）的含量、组成和分布；同时开展了水体和沉积物中PAEs的生态风险评估。水体中共检出7种PAEs，总浓度范围为6.18~81.8 μ g·L-1，主要污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate，DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（butyl benzyl phthalate，BBP）和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethyl phthalate，DMP）。长江干流中游水体中PAEs的浓度明显高于上游和下游，在乌江汇入长江干流的监测位点水体中也检出了较高浓度的PAEs，主要原因可能与其受周围工业园区所排放废水的影响有关。沉积物中共检出8种PAEs，浓度范围为2.24~12.26 μ g·g-1，污染物以邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate，DEHP）、BBP和DBP为主；沉积物中PAEs的沿江分布均未发现明显规律，其受工业废水排放的影响相对较小。生态风险评估结果表明，水体中DBP在大部分位点，以及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）和DEHP在少数位点，均存在一定程度的潜在生态风险，而DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、BBP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DOP）的生态风险均处于可接受范围；沉积物中DEHP对生物体存在一定的潜在影响，而DBP的潜在风险相对较小。Abstract: The concentrations, composition and distribution of 16 phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in water and sediments from Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River in Chongqing City were investigated, as well the ecological risks of PAEs were assessed. Seven PAEs were detected in the water samples, with total concentrations (∑17 PAEs) ranging from 6.18 to 81.8 μg·L-1, and dominated by dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The ∑17 PAEs in the middle reaches of Yangtze River was significantly higher than those in the upper and lower reaches. High concentrations of PAEs were also detected in water from the sampling site where Wujiang River entering the Yangtze River main stream. The possible reason could be related to the influence of wastewater discharged from the industrial parks close to these sites. Eight PAEs were detected in the sediments with concentrations (∑18 PAEs) ranging from 2.24 to 12.26 μg·g-1, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), BBP and DBP were the dominant PAEs. No obviously regularity was found in the distribution of PAEs in sediments along the three rivers, indicating relatively low affection from the industrial wastewater discharge to the sediments. The ecological risk assessment results showed that, ecological risks for DBP were observed in water from most of the sampling sites, so as for diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and DEHP from a few sampling sites; while no obviously ecological risks were found for DMP, diethyl phthalate (DEP), BBP and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP). Potential hazardous effects on organisms in sediments would caused by DEHP, whilst the potential risks of DBP in sediments were relatively low.
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